Table 3.

Hemodynamic Parameters

	N	HR, bpm	LVESP, mm Hg	LVEDP, mm Hg	dP/dtmax, mm Hg/s	dP/dtmin, mm Hg/s	τ, ms	Emax, mm Hg/RVU	Ees, mm Hg/RVU	PRSW, mm Hg	Ea, mm Hg/RVU	Ea/Ees
Adult
Control	10	664±9	93±2	6±1	14269±822	−7739±430	4.9±0.3	86±8	66±9	92±5	21±1	0.42±0.05
Exercise	10	651±7	106±9	6±1	13847±1166	−9812±892	4.8±0.1	125±34	51±6	105±5	21±3	0.60±0.11
Old
Control	12	683±14	87±3	5±1	12023±720	−7280±389	4.5±0.3	48±6*	21±3*	59±9*	20±3	1.61±0.5*
Exercise	13	663±16	84±3*	5±1	10486±892‡	−7957±519	4.9±0.2	94±5†	55±7†	103±10†	18±1	0.44±0.05†
ANOVA		0.74	0.03	0.79	0.03	0.09	0.77	0.03	0.0005	0.002	0.65	0.02

HR indicates heart rate; LVESP, left ventricular end-systolic pressure; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; Ea, arterial elastance.

^*P<0.05, control old versus control and exercised adult.

^†P<0.05, exercised old versus control old.

^‡P<0.05, exercised old versus control and exercised adult.