Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 27.
Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013 Jan 3;33(3):595–604. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300606

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress enhances vasoconstriction and the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) in isolated vessels. A, Effects of 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) on Tunicamycin-induced ER stress in isolated mouse aortas; n=24 measurements from 6 mice per group. B, Effects of 4-PBA and AICAR on MG132-induced ER stress in isolated mouse aortas; n=24 measurements from 6 mice per group. C, Effects of 4-PBA and AICAR on Tunicamycin-induced vasoconstriction. Results are mean±SEM (n=24 from 6 mice per group). D, Effects of 4-PBA and AICAR on MG132-induced vasoconstriction; vessel contraction in isolated aortas from WT mice treated with 4-PBA and AICAR after MG132 incubation for 2 hours; n=24 measurements from 6 mice per group. E, Effects of Tunicamycin on phenylephrine (PE)-induced vasoconstriction in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. Contraction to phenylephrine in aortic segments of 8- to 10-week–old wild-type (WT) mice scraped endothelial cells and treatment with Tunicamycin. Results are mean±SEM (n=6 from 6 mice per group). *P<0.05 vs Tunicamycin. F, Effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deficiency on Tunicamycin-induced vasoconstriction in isolated aortas. Aortic segments of 10-week—old WT mice or eNOS−/− mice were exposed to PE after being treated with Tunicamycin; n=24 measurements from 6 mice per group. *P<0.05 vs Tunicamycin. G and H, Effects of AICAR on Tunicamycin- or MG132-induced phosphorylation of MLC in isolated mouse aortas. I and J, Immunoblots showing the levels of MLC phosphorylation in human smooth muscle cells (HSMCs) treated with Tunicamycin or MG132 for indicated hours. The blot is a representative of 6 blots from 6 mice; n=6. K and L, Immunoblots showing the levels of phosphorylated (p-)MLC in HSMCs treated with 4-PBA or tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) for 3 hours after incubation with Tunicamycin (G) or MG132 (H) for 2 hours; n=5. *P<0.05 Tunicamycin- or MG132-treated vs vehicle-treated; #P<0.05 Tunicamycin- or MG132-treated vs 4-PBA plus Tunicamycin or 4-PBA plus MG132. The data from A to F were analyzed using the 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. Statistical analysis for I to L was performed using a 2-tailed Student t test between 2 groups.