Figure 1.

GVAX+α–CTLA-4 combination therapy protects against tumor outgrowth through a CD4⁺ T cell–dependent mechanism. (A) Mice were challenged with 10⁴ B16-BL6 on day 0, and then left untreated or treated with GVAX, α–CTLA-4, or GVAX+α–CTLA-4 on day 3, 6, and 8. Results depict tumor growth curves of individual mice (A) and cumulative survival (B). n = 10–25 mice per group, death events correspond to a tumor volume >350 mm³ or death of the mouse. (C) Mice were challenged with 5 × 10⁴ B16-BL6 on day 0 and were treated as described above. The CD4⁺Foxp3⁻/CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ ratio in the lymph node and tumor was calculated. n = 8–10 mice per group. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Experiments were repeated three times and pooled.