TABLE 5.

Adjusted asthma medication and other health care utilization associated with an increase in OOP asthma medication costs

	Annual OOP cost for asthma medications
	25th Percentile ($100)	75th Percentile ($190)
	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	p-value
Age < 5
% of days covered by a prescription asthma medication	46.5 (45.2–47.8)	45.9 (44.8–47.1)	0.44
Total expenditure on asthma medications, $	279 (194–364)	276 (192–360)	0.50
Rate of asthma-related hospitalizations per 100 children	4.9 (4.1–5.8)	4.5 (3.5–5.3)	0.43
Total expenditure on asthma-related hospitalizations among all children in sample, $	246 (164–328)	224 (141–307)	0.71
Total expenditure on asthma-related hospitalizations and medications among all children in sample, $	525 (407–644)	500 (383–617)	0.67
Rate of asthma-related emergency department visits per 100 children	7.4 (6.4–8.4)	8.4 (7.3–9.5)	0.12
Rate of non-asthma-related hospitalizations per 100 children	5.5 (4.4–6.6)	5.2 (4.2–6.2)	0.62
Ages 5–18
% of days covered by a prescription asthma medication	41.7 (40.7–42.7)	40.3 (39.4–41.3)	0.02
Total expenditure on asthma medications, $	250 (176–324)	242 (170–314)	0.007
Rate of asthma-related hospitalizations per 100 children	1.7 (1.3–2.1)	2.4 (1.9–2.8)	0.004
Total expenditure on asthma-related hospitalizations among all children in sample, $	130 (5–255)	145 (41–250)	0.81
Total expenditure on asthma-related hospitalizations and medications among all children in sample, $	380 (236–523)	387 (260–514)	0.93
Rate of asthma-related emergency department visits per 100 children	3.8 (3.2–4.4)	3.7 (3.0–4.3)	0.74
Rate of non-asthma-related hospitalizations per 100 children	3.2 (2.6–3.7)	2.7 (2.1–3.3)	0.30

Notes: Annual OOP cost and expenditures are in 2010 dollars. Total expenditures are sum of payments by patient and health plan.