Table 1.
Sample characteristics overall and by breastfeeding initiation
| Ever breastfed | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Overall N=225 |
Yes n=160 (71.1%) |
No n=65 (28.9%) |
P-value* | |
|
| ||||
| Breastfeeding experiences | ||||
|
| ||||
| Intended to breastfeed | 168 (75.0%) | 141 (88.7%) | 27 (41.5%) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Partner wanted her to breastfeed | 180 (80.7%) | 140 (88.1%) | 40 (62.5%) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age | 0.895 | |||
| 15-18 | 95 (42.2%) | 68 (42.5%) | 27 (41.5%) | |
| 19-21 | 130 (57.8%) | 92 (57.5%) | 38 (58.5%) | |
|
| ||||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.312 | |||
| Black | 90 (40.0%) | 59 (36.9%) | 31 (47.7%) | |
| Hispanic | 94 (41.8%) | 71 (44.4%) | 23 (35.4%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white/Other | 41 (18.2%) | 30 (18.8%) | 11 (16.9%) | |
|
| ||||
| Education appropriate for age | 191 (84.9%) | 136 (85.0%) | 55 (84.6%) | 0.942 |
|
| ||||
| Currently in school | 97 (43.1%) | 71 (44.4%) | 26 (40.0%) | 0.548 |
|
| ||||
| Currently employed (FT or PT) | 60 (26.7%) | 46 (28.8%) | 14 (21.6%) | 0.268 |
|
| ||||
| Receives WIC public assistance | 167 (74.2%) | 122 (76.3%) | 45 (69.2%) | 0.182 |
|
| ||||
| First baby | 178 (79.5%) | 126 (79.2%) | 52 (80.0%) | 0.899 |
|
| ||||
| Prepregnancy BMI | 0.830 | |||
| Underweight | 15 (6.7%) | 10 (6.3%) | 5 (7.7%) | |
| Normal weight | 111 (49.3%) | 82 (51.3%) | 29 (44.6%) | |
| Overweight | 43 (19.1%) | 30 (18.8%) | 13 (20.0%) | |
| Obese | 56 (24.9%) | 38 (23.8%) | 18 (27.7%) | |
|
| ||||
| Substance use | ||||
|
| ||||
| Any alcohol use prior to pregnancy | 105 (46.7%) | 82 (51.3%) | 23 (35.4%) | 0.031 |
|
| ||||
| Any pot use prior to pregnancy | 62 (27.6%) | 42 (26.3%) | 20 (30.8%) | 0.492 |
|
| ||||
| Any smoking prior to pregnancy | 79 (35.1%) | 55 (34.4%) | 24 (36.9%) | 0.717 |
|
| ||||
| Psychological characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Depression | 10.8 ± 7.37 | 11.1 ± 7.62 | 10.2 ± 7.70 | 0.418 |
|
| ||||
| Perceived stress scale | 17.0 ± 6.48 | 17.4 ± 6.32 | 16.0 ± 6.81 | 0.144 |
|
| ||||
| Social Support | 28.0 ± 7.66 | 27.6 ± 7.90 | 28.9 ± 7.00 | 0.249 |
|
| ||||
| Relationship characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Partner’s age | 21.2 ± 3.71 | 21.1 ± 3.50 | 21.5 ± 4.19 | 0.461 |
|
| ||||
| Partner’s education appropriate for age | 161 (71.6%) | 115 (71.9%) | 46 (70.8%) | 0.868 |
|
| ||||
| Partner’s race/ethnicity | 0.305 | |||
| Black | 112 (49.8%) | 75 (46.9%) | 37 (56.9%) | |
| Latino | 87 (38.7%) | 64 (40.0%) | 23 (35.4%) | |
| White/Other | 26 (11.6%) | 21 (13.1%) | 5 (7.7%) | |
|
| ||||
| Live with partner | 131 (58.2%) | 97 (60.6%) | 34 (52.3%) | 0.252 |
|
| ||||
| Relationship power | 2.0 ± 0.25 | 2.0 ± 0.25 | 2.0 ± 0.25 | 0.548 |
|
| ||||
| Any intimate partner violence (IPV) | 71 (31.6%) | 49 (30.6%) | 22 (33.8%) | 0.637 |
|
| ||||
| Pregnancy and birth outcomes | ||||
|
| ||||
| Prenatal care attendance | 214 (95.1%) | 150 (93.8%) | 64 (98.5%) | 0.137 |
|
| ||||
| Labor/childbirth class attendance | 15 (6.7%) | 12 (7.5%) | 3 (4.6%) | 0.432 |
|
| ||||
| Preterm birth | 21 (9.7%) | 17 (11.0%) | 4 (6.3%) | 0.289 |
|
| ||||
| Low birthweight | 14 (6.5%) | 11 (7.2%) | 3 (4.6%) | 0.544 |
|
| ||||
| Vaginal delivery | 166 (73.8%) | 120 (75.0%) | 46 (70.8%) | 0.513 |
|
| ||||
| Labor and delivery complications | 47 (21.7%) | 36 (23.4%%) | 11 (17.5%) | 0.337 |
*
P-values correspond to independent sample t-tests and chi-square tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively