Table 1.

Comparison of Reduced GFR Using Creatinine and Cystatin C with Longitudinal Risks of Death and ESRD

CKD Defined By	No.	Annual Rate per 1000 persons	Addjusted HR*
All-Cause Mortality
Neither	22361	10.9 (10.9–11.0)	1.0 (reference)
Creatinine only	849	15.4 (14.9–15.9)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Cystatin C only	1378	47.0 (45.8–48.2)	2.1 (1.9–2.5)
Both	2055	57.8 (56.6–59.1)	2.1 (1.9–2.4)
ESRD
Neither	22361	0.2 (0.1–0.3)	1.0 (reference)
Creatinine only	849	0.5 (0.1–2.2)	2.5 (0.6–10.9)
Cystatin C only	1378	2.2 (1.3–3.8)	5.8 (2.8–12.1)
Both	2055	15.8 (13.5–18.6)	26.1 (14.9–45.7)

Note: Data from REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study over 4.6 years of follow-up. Values in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.

^*Mortality model adjusts for age, race, sex, income, educational attainment, hypertension, diabetes, prevalent cardiovascular disease, smoking status, BMI, waist circumference, and log albumin-to-creatinine ratio. ESRD model adjusts for age, race, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and log(albumin-creatinine ratio).

Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomulerar filtration rate; ESRD, end-stage renal disease.