Table 2.
GLMM results for the first comparison (Initial exploration of bandwidth and noise)
| Effect | Estimate | z | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 1.109 | 11.15 | < 0.001 | |
| /b/-/p/ | LPF | −1.184 | −10.07 | < 0.001 |
| 0 dB SNR | −1.338 | −11.31 | < 0.001 | |
| LPF:0 dB SNR | 1.476 | 10.40 | < 0.001 | |
| /d/-/t/ | POA | −1.788 | −13.33 | < 0.001 |
| POA:LPF | 1.756 | 10.95 | < 0.001 | |
| POA:0 dB SNR | 0.954 | 5.76 | < 0.001 | |
| POA:LPF:0 dB SNR | −1.262 | −6.38 | < 0.001 | |
|
| ||||
| VOT | 0.302 | 21.94 | < 0.001 | |
| /b/-/p/ | VOT:LPF | −0.169 | −11.62 | < 0.001 |
| VOT:0 dB SNR | −0.191 | −13.22 | < 0.001 | |
| VOT:LPF:0 dB SNR | 0.070 | 4.55 | < 0.001 | |
| /d/-/t/ | VOT:POA | −0.067 | −3.98 | < 0.001 |
| VOT:POA:LPF | 0.054 | 3.02 | < 0.01 | |
| VOT:POA:0 dB SNR | 0.081 | 4.53 | < 0.001 | |
| VOT:POA:LPF:0 dB SNR | −0.072 | −3.75 | < 0.001 | |
|
| ||||
| F0 | 0.027 | 4.18 | < 0.001 | |
| /b/-/p/ | F0:LPF | 0.028 | 3.69 | < 0.001 |
| F0:0 dB SNR | 0.037 | 4.85 | < 0.001 | |
| F0:LPF:0 dB SNR | −0.019 | −2.02 | < 0.05 | |
| /d/-/t/ | F0:POA | 0.044 | 5.19 | < 0.001 |
| F0:POA:LPF | −0.039 | −3.81 | < 0.001 | |
| F0:POA:0 dB SNR | −0.023 | −2.16 | < 0.05 | |
| F0:POA:LPF:0 dB SNR | 0.058 | 4.49 | < 0.001 | |
|
| ||||
| VOT:F0 interaction | 0.000 | −0.50 | n.s. | |
| /b/-/p/ | VOT:F0:LPF | 0.000 | −0.06 | n.s. |
| VOT:F0:0 dB SNR | −0.002 | −2.15 | < 0.05 | |
| VOT:F0:LPF:0 dB SNR | 0.002 | 2.26 | < 0.05 | |
| /d/-/t/ | VOT:F0:POA | 0.000 | −0.33 | n.s. |
| VOT:F0:POA:LPF | 0.001 | 0.84 | n.s. | |
| VOT:F0:POA:0 dB SNR | 0.002 | 2.16 | < 0.05 | |
| VOT:F0:POA:LPF:0 dB SNR | −0.003 | −2.24 | < 0.05 | |
Note: The default (intercept) condition was full-spectrum in Quiet. POA refers to place of articulation; corresponding numbers reflect the difference between factor estimates for the /b/-/p/ and /d/-/t/ series.