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. 2013 Aug 28;7:135. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00135

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Copyright © 2013 Afzalov, Pryazhnikov, Shih, Kondratskaya, Zobova, Leino Salminen, Khiroug and Semyanov.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Recordings from “passive” astrocytes reveal sensitivity of glutamate transporter current to Ba²⁺. (A) Astrocytes in hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum (stained with biocytin) s.p.—stratum pyramidale. Arrow indicates a patched astrocyte. (B) I-V relation of the patched astrocyte. Inset: membrane currents in response to voltage steps. (C) Astrocytic current induced by electrical stimulation of Schaffer collaterals in control and in the presence of glutamate transporter current blockers (TCB). Gray trace—“pure” transporter current obtained by subtracting the current in TCB from the control current. (D) Ba²⁺ (200 μM) abolishes the slow K⁺ component of the complex current and increases the amplitude of fast transporter current, which is consequently blocked by TCB (Ba²⁺ + TCB).