Figure 3. Frequency-dependent selective communication.

(a) Spike histograms of NF, NF with ME, and NF with MI networks in response to oscillating inputs. Parameters used for these three networks were the same as those of Fig. 2(c). Each network shows a resonant synchronized oscillation (red) when the input frequency is close to the resonant frequency of the network. The blue color indicates non-resonant oscillations. (b) Mutual information between oscillating inputs and resultant oscillations of three networks as a function of input frequency. Various combinations of oscillating inputs () and white noise inputs () were considered. White lines denote the average values over 100 combinatorial inputs. (c) Two sender groups and one receiver group. Each group is composed of E-I negative feedback loops with different connectivity ratios (R_1/2/3) and synaptic weights (W_1/2/3). Group 1 has additional recurrent connections, such as ME, and MI. R_g and W_g denote the connectivity ratio and the synaptic weight of global synapses from sender groups to a receiver group, respectively. Further details on network structures and inputs are described in Methods. (d) Resonant frequencies of three groups. Network parameters were determined as R_1/2/3 and W_1/2/3, such that each group had a distinct resonant frequency . (e) Frequency modulation (bottom) and mutual information between Group 1 and Groups 2 or 3 (top) mediated by mutual excitation and inhibition. Initially, Group 1 without mutual excitation nor inhibition received less information from both sender groups (Region I). Mutual information between Groups 1 and 2 (blue) increased with the increase of and , since is close to (Region II). By contrast, as and increase, gets close to (Region III), resulting in the maximal mutual information between Groups 1 and 3 (red). (f) Schematic diagram illustrating a neuronal tuner for frequency-dependent selective communication between neuronal groups. The gauge needle (colored in red) in a receiver group points to the resonant frequency, which is tuned by E-E and I-I couplings. Adjusting the frequency to one of the sender groups opens a communication channel (green) that information can flow through the channel (red).