Table 1.
Characteristics of studies of Hodgkin lymphoma and cigarette smoking included in the pooled analyses
| Data provider (reference) | Location | Period of interview | Age at (pseudo) diagnosis | Cases (% part) | Controls (% part) | Matching | Source of controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang [22] | Massachusetts, Connecticut (USA) | 1998–2002 | 15–81 | 500 (85) | 614 (56) | Frequency matching by age, sex, and state of residence | Population controls without a prior history of Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| Cozen [30, 59] | USA and Canada | 1961–1992 | 14–49 | 86 (70) | 87 (70) | Twin controls | Twin controls |
| Dal Maso [31, 60] | Aviano, Milan (Italy) Aviano, Naples (Italy) |
1983–1992 1998–2002 |
14–85 18–83 |
156 (97) 62 (97) |
1,149 (97) 499 (91) |
Frequency matching by center, gender, and age (5-year age groups) | Hospital controls admitted for acute, non-neoplastic, nonimmunological conditions |
| EpiLymph [24] | Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Ireland, Finland and Czech Republic | 1998–2004 | 16–100 | 324 (88) | 2,511 (81) | Individual matching (Germany and Czech Republic) or frequency matching (France, Ireland, Italy, and Spain) by sex, age (5-year age groups), and residence area | Controls without cancer drawn from population registers (Italy and Germany) or identified in hospitals (Spain, France, Ireland Czech Republic). |
| Glaser [17] | Northern California (USA) | 1990–1996 | 19–79 | 310 (87) | 325 (72) | Frequency matching on age (5-year age groups), area, and race/ethnicity | Controls without a history of Hodgkin's lymphoma, identified through random digit dialing |
| Hjalgrim [12] | Denmark and Sweden | 1999–2003 | 17–76 | 571 (91) | 3,085 (71) | Frequency matching by country, age (10-year age-groups), and sex | Controls randomly selected from population registers |
| Kane [26] | North, East, and West Yorkshire, Lancashire, South Lakeland, Cornwall, South Devon, Dorset, South Hampshire (England) | 1998–2004 | 16–67 | 250 (79) | 234 (69) | Individual matching by sex, date of birth, and area of residence | Controls randomly selected from population registers |
| Miligi [16] | Italian multi-centre | 1990–1997 | 19–81 | 360 (85) | 1,763 (80) | Frequency matching by age, sex, and area | Controls randomly selected from Demographic or National Health Service registers |
| Monnereau [9] | Bordeaux, Brest, Caen, Lille, Nantes, Toulouse (France) | 2000–2004 | 18–75 | 139 (97) | 411 (93) | Individual matching by center, sex, age, and residence | Hospital controls with no history of hematological neoplasm |
| Spinelli [33, 61] | Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, British Columbia, Ontario (Canada) | 1991–1993 | 18–91 | 262 (68) | 1,338 (48) | Frequency matching by age, sex, and province (all males) | Controls randomly selected from: Health Insurance records (Alberta Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec), computerized telephone listings (Ontario), voter's lists (British Columbia) |
| Zahm [36, 37] | Nebraska (USA) Kansas (USA) |
1986–1987 1982–1984 |
19–98 17–94 |
69 (96) 116 (92) |
1,384 (84) 878 (93) |
Frequency matching on age (5-year age groups), race, sex, area, and vital status | Controls without malignancy, identified through random digit dialing, Medicare records, and mortality files |