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Responses to acute stress with ice-cold water added to a watertight cage rapidly to a depth of 1 cm. The initial response (phasic) was considered the startle response and was highly variable between animals, whereas the tonic response (15–60 s) evoked fairly consistent hemodynamic responses. Significant differences (P < 0.05) exist in the phasic increases in MAP and SVR between vascular and mixed responders. #Significant differences between vascular and mixed responders (P < 0.05).
