Table I.
Demographic, current substance use, and prenatal exposure characteristics of participants
| Variable | Group | Statistics | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ctrla (n = 27) | NDysa (n = 37) | Dysa (n = 30) | |||
| Gender, % male | 44.4 | 27.0 | 46.7 | χ2 2 = 3.310 | n.s. |
| Ethnicity, % African–American | 100.0 | 97.3 | 100.0 | χ2 2 = 1.557 | n.s. |
| Age at imaging (years), mean (SD) | F 2,88 = 1.372b | n.s. | |||
| Male | 22.0 (1.3) | 23.9 (1.4) | 22.8 (1.9) | ||
| Female | 23.0 (2.1) | 22.7 (1.6) | 23.3 (2.5) | ||
| Education completed (years), mean (SD) | F 2,87 = 0.923b | n.s. | |||
| Male | 12.4 (1.6)c | 12.5 (1.2) | 11.9 (1.3) | ||
| Female | 12.2 (1.6) | 11.3 (1.6) | 11.7 (1.4) | ||
| Dysmorphia rating, mean (SD) | F 2,87 = 10.14b | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 4.2 (3.4) | 3.6 (3.8) | 8.5 (8.6) | ||
| Female | 2.9 (3.3) | 5.1 (3.7)c | 10.3 (7.2) | ||
| Adult full‐scale IQ, mean (SD) | F 2,87 = 4.760b | 0.011 | |||
| Male | 86.2 (7.5) | 89.0 (11.6) | 76.9 (14.0) | ||
| Female | 81.9 (9.0)c | 77.1 (10.6) | 75.3 (10.5) | ||
| Adult—AAPW, mean (SD)d | F 2,87 = 2.229b | n.s. | |||
| Male | 1.3 (2.4) | 2.6 (2.5) | 1.1 (1.2) | ||
| Female | 0.5 (1.6)c | 0.8 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.6) | ||
| PAE—AAPW, mean (SD)d | F 2,88 = 9.957b | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 0.0 (0.0) | 4.1 (3.2) | 12.0 (12.6) | ||
| Female | 0.0 (0.0) | 8.9 (14.9) | 14.8 (14.8) | ||
| Cocaine during pregnancy, % using | 0.0 | 13.5 | 7.7 (n = 26) | χ2 2 = 3.974 | n.s. |
| Marijuana during pregnancy, % using | 18.5 | 35.1 | 30.0 | χ2 2 = 2.140 | n.s. |
| Cigarette during pregnancy, % using | 33.3 | 66.7 (n = 36) | 83.3 | χ2 2 = 15.599 | <0.001 |
a
Ctrl: control group, NDys: nondysmorphic group, Dys: dysmorphic group.
b
Two‐way group × gender analyses of variance were completed for the variables. The effects of group are reported in table. The effect of gender was significant for the adult full‐scale IQ and the adult alcohol use (adult AAPW). No group × gender interaction effects were significant.
c
Data are not available for one participant.
d
AAPW: absolute alcohol per week (ounces), PAE: prenatal alcohol exposure.