Table III.

Physical growth characteristics of participants

	Group
Variable	Ctrla, mean (SD), N	NDysa, mean (SD), N	Dysa, mean (SD), N	ANOVA
Gestational age (weeks)				b, *	—
Male	39.92 (0.97), 12	40.22 (0.62), 10	39.65 (1.38), 14
Female	39.51 (1.28), 15	40.04 (1.51), 27	37.85 (3.27), 15
Birth length (cm)				c	d, *
Male	50.82 (3.03), 11	50.27 (1.29), 9	48.82 (2.84), 14
Female	47.21 (4.56), 14	48.32 (2.77), 25	44.83 (4.29), 15
Birth weight (kg)				c, *	d, *
Male	3.403 (0.489), 12	3.196 (0.273), 10	2.875 (0.566), 14
Female	3.029 (0.379), 15	3.204 (0.560), 27	2.320 (0.632), 16
Birth head circumference (cm)				c, *	d, n.s.
Male	34.50 (1.11), 10	34.11 (1.24), 9	33.17 (1.65), 13
Female	33.79 (1.16), 12	33.85 (1.39), 24	31.07 (2.75), 15
Adult height (cm)				c	d, *
Male	179.41 (6.50), 11	175.35 (7.80), 10	177.14 (6.81), 14
Female	163.26 (3.85), 15	164.69 (6.46), 26	161.66 (9.16), 16
Adult weight (kg)				c, *	d, *
Male	92.33 (25.03), 11	89.95 (23.81), 10	73.29 (21.55), 14
Female	78.72 (20.75), 15	77.53 (21.60), 26	58.99 (13.42), 16
Adult head circumference (cm)				c, *	d, *
Male	59.93 (1.75), 11	58.55 (1.59), 10	56.68 (3.45), 14
Female	57.01 (3.86), 15	57.16 (2.82), 27	55.46 (3.51), 16
Adult brain volume (cm3)				c, *	—
Male	1236.0 (109.2), 12	1152.8 (93.4), 10	1077.0 (162.5), 14
Female	1023.8 (96.4), 15	1024.0 (64.2), 27	930.7 (117.2), 16

^aCtrl: control group, NDys: nondysmorphic group, Dys: dysmorphic group, N: number of participants.

^bTwo‐way group × gender analysis of variance (ANOVA) was completed for the variable.

^cTwo‐way group × gender ANOVA (with controlling the gestational age) was completed for the variable.

^dTwo‐way group × gender ANOVA (with controlling both the gestational age and the variable) was completed on the adult brain volume.

^*The effect of group in the ANOVA was significant (P < 0.05).