Figure 7. Variations in gene expression in Sol muscle induced by hindlimb-unloading and spaceflight.

Transcript levels were determined by real-time PCR for selected genes, classified on the basis of the functional role of the protein they encode, and normalized for the housekeeping HPRT-1 gene. The bars indicate the fold change in gene expression between A) HU and ground conditions in WT mice, B) PTN and WT mice in ground conditions, C) PTN-HU versus WT-G mice, and D) spaceflown PTN mice versus ground WT mice. Significant fold changes, according to two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test, are indicated with* (at least P<0.05).