Table 1. Ventriculographic, Echocardiographic, and Doppler Measures in Control Dogs and Dogs Treated With AHI Obtained at Baseline, PRE, and at 2, 6, 12, and 17 Weeks POST.
| Sham-Operated Controls | Baseline (n = 6) | PRE (n = 6) | 2 Weeks POST (n = 6) | 6 Weeks POST (n = 6) | 12 Weeks POST (n = 6) | 17 Weeks POST (n = 6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV EDV, ml | 53 ± 1.3 | 66 ± 2.0 | 66 ± 1.8 | 67 ± 1.8 | 68 ± 1.7* | 69 ± 1.7* |
| LV ESV, ml | 26 ± 0.8 | 48 ± 1.6 | 48 ± 1.4 | 49 ± 1.3 | 51 ± 1.5* | 53 ± 1.8* |
| LV EF, % | 52 ± 0.8 | 27 ± 0.3 | 27 ± 0.3 | 26 ± 0.4 | 25 ± 0.9 | 24 ± 1.3* |
| SV, ml | 27 ± 0.8 | 18 ± 0.5 | 18 ± 0.5 | 17 ± 0.6 | 17 ± 0.7 | 16 ± 0.8* |
| LV ESSI | 1.88 ± 0.05 | 1.58 ± 0.03 | 1.58 ± 0.03 | 1.58 ± 0.03 | 1.58 ± 0.03 | 1.55 ± 0.04 |
| LV EDP, mm Hg | 9 ± 0.4 | 14 ± 0.7 | 11 ± 0.7* | 12 ± 0.6* | 12 ± 1.0* | 13 ± 0.9* |
| SV/EDP, ml/mm Hg | 2.88 ± 0.09 | 1.35 ±0.1 | 1.62 ± 0.11 | 1.48 ± 0.08 | 1.42 ± 0.16 | 1.33 ± 0.12 |
| DT, ms | 132 ± 6 | 102 ± 5 | 101 ± 4 | 98 ± 2 | 92 ± 2 | 93 ± 3 |
| EDWS, g/cm2 | 30.2 ± 1.9 | 53.6 ± 3.5 | 47.4 ± 2.9 | 48.1 ± 2.1 | 54.3 ± 4.6 | 57.0 ± 4.4 |
| MR, % | 0 ± 0.0 | 10 ± 1.9 | 10 ± 2.1 | 11 ± 2.3 | 13 ± 2.0* | 13 ± 1.9* |
| Slope of ESPVR, mm Hg/ml | – | 1.96 ± 0.20 | – | – | – | 1.66 ± 0.12 |
| LV AW EDWT, cm | – | 0.85 ± 0.02 | – | – | – | 0.83 ± 0.02 |
| LV PW EDWT, cm | – | 0.98 ± 0.02 | – | – | – | 0.92 ± 0.04 |
| AHI-Treated Dogs | (n = 8) | (n = 8) | (n = 8) | (n = 8) | (n = 8) | (n = 8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV EDV, ml | 53 ± 1.3 | 63 ± 1.0 | 63 ± 1.0 | 62 ± 0.9 | 62 ± 0.9 | 62 ± 1.1*† |
| LV ESV, ml | 25 ± 0.6 | 47 ± 0.8 | 44 ± 0.7* | 43 ± 0.9* | 44 ± 0.9* | 43 ± 0.8*† |
| LV EF, % | 52 ± 0.9 | 26 ± 0.4 | 30 ± 0.8* | 31 ± 0.6* | 31 ± 0.5* | 31 ± 0.4*† |
| SV, ml | 28 ± 1 | 17 ± 0.4 | 19 ± 0.6* | 19 ± 0.3* | 19 ± 0.3* | 19 ± 0.3*† |
| LV ESSI | 1.76 ± 0.03 | 1.53 ± 0.03 | 1.65 ± 0.05* | 1.58 ± 0.05 | 1.63 ± 0.05* | 1.64 ± 0.05* |
| LV EDP, mm Hg | 10 ± 0.4 | 15 ± 0.9 | 13 ± 1.1 | 13 ± 1.0 | 13 ± 1.1 | 11 ± 0.5 |
| SV/EDP, ml/mm Hg | 2.98 ± 0.19 | 1.1 ± 0.06 | 1.51 ± 0.12* | 1.54 ± 0.1* | 1.51 ± 0.11* | 1.87 ± 0.07*† |
| DT, ms | 132 ± 6 | 83 ± 6 | 103 ± 5* | 103 ± 6* | 103 ± 6* | 110 ± 5*† |
| EDWS, g/cm2 | 32.1 ± 1.9 | 64.5 ± 7.8 | 49.4 ± 5.5* | 48.4 ± 5.2* | 51.1 ± 5.9* | 41.4 ± 3.6*† |
| MR, % | 0.0 | 11 ± 2.0 | 7 ± 1.3* | 7 ± 1.3* | 7 ± 1.4* | 7 ± 1.3*† |
| Slope of ESPVR, mm Hg/ml | – | 1.28 ± 0.17 | – | – | – | 1.86 ± 0.21* |
| LV AW EDWT, cm | – | 0.89 ± 0.05 | – | – | – | 1.03 ± 0.05*† |
| LV PW EDWT, cm | – | 0.94 ± 0.04 | – | – | – | 1.09 ± 0.04*† |
Values are mean ± SEM.
p < 0.05 PRE versus POST.
p<0.05 for comparisons between control dogs at week 17 and AHI-treated dogs at week 17.
Measures across time without any *or †showed a nonsignificant p value in the repeated measures analysis of variance.
AHI = alginate hydrogel implant; AW EDWT = anterior wall end-diastolicwall thickness; DT = early mitral inflow deceleration time; EDP = end-diastolic pressure; EDV = end-diastolic volume; EDWS = left ventricular end-diastolic circumferential wall stress; EF = ejection fraction; ESPVR = end-systolic pressure-volume relation; ESSI = end-systolic sphericity index; ESV = end-systolic volume; LV = left ventricular; MR = severity of mitral valve functional regurgitation; POST = post-treatment; PRE = pre-treatment; PW EDWT = posterior wall end-diastolic wall thickness; SV = stroke volume.