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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 9.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2013 Apr 25;153(4):747–758. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.008

Figure 2. Administration of the insulin receptor antagonist S961 induces pancreatic β cell proliferation and β cell mass expansion.

Figure 2

(A) S961 infused into adult mice at 10nMol/week for one week induces pancreatic β cell proliferation (shown by co-staining of Ki67 and insulin. (B) Proliferation rates of pancreatic β cells measured as percentage of dividing β cells, 7 days after S961 treatment at different doses. S961 treatment significantly increases β cell area shown by insulin immunohistochemistry (brown) (representative sections shown in C, D; β cell area as a percentage of total pancreas area in E). (n=4 in each dosage group.) (F) Total pancreatic insulin content (normalized by total protein content) in vehicle or S961 (10nMol/week) treated mice (n=3 in each group). (G) Replication rates are measured as % of cells staining for Ki67 and shown as fold increase over vehicle treatment. β cells (Ins), non-β-cell endocrine cells (Gcg+Sst+Ppy), exocrine cells, pancreatic duct cells as well as liver, white fat and brown fat after treatment of S961(10nMol/week) or vehicle treatment. n=5 for each dosage group. (* indicates that p<0.05, and ** indicates that p<0.005 compared to vehicle treatment). Data are represented as mean +/− SEM. See also Figure S1, Figure S2 and Figure S3.