Table 2.
Mental health service utilization among US Latinos with a lifetime DSM-IV diagnosed mood or anxiety disorder (N = 2,514)
| Service use for a mood disorder (N = 917) |
Service use for an anxiety disorder (N = 623) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (SE) | OR1 (95% CI) | OR2 (95% CI) | OR3 (95% CI) | % (SE) | OR1 (95% CI) | OR2 (95% CI) | OR3 (95% CI) | ||
| Years spent in the US | |||||||||
| Entire life | 1,400 | 54.58 (2.4) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 36.43 (2.2) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| 20+ | 142 | 49.87 (2.7) | 0.79 (0.60–1.03) | 0.83 (0.63–1.1.0) | 0.81 (0.19–3.49) | 32.56 (3.4) | 0.88 (0.62–1.23) | 0.87 (0.62–1.24) | 1.20 (0.24–5.86) |
| 10–19 | 340 | 28.53 (4.6) | 0.39 (0.23–0.66) | 0.42 (0.24–0.74) | 0.49 (0.24–1.01) | 19.02 (3.3) | 0.46 (0.28–0.76) | 0.48 (0.27–0.87) | 0.61 (0.29–0.95) |
| <10 | 632 | 22.69 (5.0) | 0.25 (0.13–0.48) | 0.24 (0.12–0.50) | 0.27 (0.12–0.67) | 14.80 (3.8) | 0.37 (0.17–0.67) | 0.25 (0.09–0.70) | 0.33 (0.10–0.91) |
| Age at immigration | |||||||||
| Born in the US | 1,418 | 54.53 (2.3) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 36.48 (2.2) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| <12 | 257 | 39.98 (5.7) | 0.64 (0.40–1.00) | 0.67 (0.40–1.12) | 0.62 (0.13–3.02) | 30.03 (4.6) | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) | 0.86 (0.53–1.39) | 1.08 (0.20–5.79) |
| 12–17 | 164 | 36.33 (6.5) | 0.59 (0.30–1.16) | 0.63 (0.29–1.38) | 0.79 (0.19–3.23) | 26.83 (4.8) | 0.75 (0.43–1.31) | 0.77 (0.43–1.37) | 1.19 (0.24–5.93) |
| 18–34 | 519 | 38.58 (3.0) | 0.46 (0.33–0.64) | 0.48 (0.34–0.69) | 0.67 (0.16–2.89) | 25.64 (2.7) | 0.60 (0.42–0.87) | 0.60 (0.40–0.89) | 1.01 (0.21–4.94) |
| 35 or older | 155 | 42.22 (6.3) | 0.43 (0.25–0.73) | 0.41 (0.22–0.76) | 0.72 (0.15–3.38) | 15.7 (4.0) | 0.31 (0.17–0.55) | 0.26 (0.11–0.60) | 0.53 (0.09–3.13) |
| Self–identified Latino subgroup | |||||||||
| Central American | 116 | 49.56 (7.2) | 0.66 (0.29–1.48) | 0.72 (0.35–1.48) | 0.88 (0.44–1.76) | 34.73 (6.5) | 0.66 (0.34–1.27) | 0.80 (0.42–1.52) | 0.85 (0.42–1.70) |
| Cuban | 148 | 38.95 (5.5) | 0.54 (0.28–1.04) | 0.79 (0.40–1.59) | 1.05 (0.52–2.12) | 29.74 (5.0) | 0.50 (0.30–0.85) | 0.57 (0.33–1.00) | 0.67 (0.38–1.19) |
| Mexican | 673 | 40.70 (3.1) | 0.59 (0.37–0.94) | 0.72 (0.44–1.16) | 0.80 (0.48–1.31) | 19.22 (2.8) | 0.34 (0.21–0.55) | 0.42 (0.24–0.71) | 0.44 (0.26–0.76) |
| Mexican-American | 542 | 47.04 (4.2) | 0.68 (0.42–1.10) | 0.86 (0.51–1.44) | 0.79 (0.45–1.38) | 29.17 (3.5) | 0.55 (0.35–0.86) | 0.65 (0.40–1.06) | 0.58 (0.33–1.01) |
| Puerto Rican | 364 | 59.13 (3.5) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 46.27 (4.2) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| Strength of ethnic identity | |||||||||
| 1st quartile (Strong ethnic identity) | 601 | 38.58 (2.6) | 0.39 (0.26–.0.57) | 0.36 (0.23–0.56) | 0.52 (0.29–0.91) | 24.28 (2.5) | 0.47 (0.33–0.66) | 0.40 (0.27–0.59) | 0.67 (0.35–1.26) |
| 2nd quartile (middle high) | 535 | 43.15 (3.0) | 0.50 (0.35–0.72) | 0.48 (0.31–0.73) | 0.60 (0.38–0.95) | 26.40 (2.3) | 0.56 (0.41–0.76) | 0.60 (0.44–0.83) | 0.60 (0.37–0.98) |
| 3rd quartile (middle low) | 640 | 45.93 (3.5) | 0.54 (0.36–0.81) | 0.58 (0.38–0.88) | 0.75 (0.48–1.17) | 33.85 (3.6) | 0.78 (0.50–1.20) | 0.77 (0.49–1.22) | 0.80 (0.51–1.24) |
| 4th quartile (weak ethnic identity) | 738 | 60.83 (3.6) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 41.53 (2.8) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| Language/social preferences | |||||||||
| 1st quartile (mostly Spanish language/Latino interaction) |
663 | 39.78 (2.4) | 0.40 (0.27–0.59) | 0.37 (0.23–0.59) | 0.44 (0.27–0.71) | 23.84 (2.8) | 0.47 (0.27–0.84) | 0.47 (0.25–0.86) | 0.47 (0.31–0.72) |
| 2nd quartile (middle low) | 641 | 40.08 (3.1) | 0.50 (0.34–0.74) | 0.48 (0.32–0.72) | 0.53 (0.33–0.85) | 25.45 (2.8) | 0.51 (0.33–0.78) | 0.52 (0.32–0.83) | 0.69 (0.49–0.95) |
| 3rd quartile (middle high) | 509 | 48.97 (3.3) | 0.66 (0.44–1.00) | 0.69 (0.45–1.07) | 0.59 (0.39–0.90) | 34.14 (3.1) | 0.79 (0.54–1.16) | 0.76 (0.51–1.14) | 0.78 (0.50–1.23) |
| 4th quartile (mostly English language/“other” interaction) |
701 | 57.29 (3.5) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 40.13 (3.2) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
All odds ratios in italics are significant at p < 0.05
OR1 controlled for sex, age, income, education, marital status, urbanicity, region, and current insurance status, OR2 controlled for the above, plus disorder-specific severity (need) indicators: mood (number of mood disorder symptoms), anxiety (number of anxiety disorder symptoms), alcohol (number of alcohol disorder symptoms), and drug (number of drug disorder symptoms), OR3 controlled for the above, plus all models included age at immigration and years spent in the US