Table 2.
Characteristics of the population depending of the time of the main meal
| Time of the main mea
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before 3:00PM | After 3:00PM | ||||
|
| |||||
| Initial Characteristics | n=199 | n=212 | P | ||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age | 42 | 12 | 42 | 10 | 0.174 |
| Women (% of total population) | 44.9 | 54.8 | 0.230 | ||
| Initial BMI | 31.8 | 5.2 | 30.9 | 5.5 | 0.093 |
| Body fat (%) | 38.68 | 6.70 | 37.53 | 6.57 | 0.12 |
| Waist (cm) | 103.40 | 13.43 | 100.88 | 14.12 | 0.535 |
| Triglyceridesb (mg/dl) | 94.76 | 44.66 | 92.69 | 38.57 | 0.692 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 183.5 | 32.19 | 185.54 | 33.60 | 0.545 |
| HDL-Cb (mg/dL) | 51.19 | 13.58 | 52.87 | 13.54 | 0.423 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 13.63 | 28.32 | 114.46 | 27.83 | 0.813 |
| Fasting Glucoseb (mg/dl) | 81.28 | 15.97 | 83.65 | 16.27 | 0.170 |
| Fasting Insulin (mU/L) | 5.72 | 4.71 | 6.98 | 11.66 | 0.110 |
| Systolic BPb (mmHg) | 114.5 | 15.7 | 113.3 | 16.3 | 0.790 |
| Diastolic BPb (mmHg) | 69.8 | 9.6 | 69.9 | 10.8 | 0.533 |
| Homa | 1.17 | 0.14 | 1.57 | 0.13 | 0.038 |
| Metabolic Syndrome Score | 8.46 | 1.21 | 8.57 | 1.19 | 0.433 |
| Initial Energy Intake (kcal/day) | 2016 | 708 | 2006 | 635 | 0.926 |
| Total energy expenditure (kcal/day) | 2376.5 | 355.5 | 2295.7 | 394.2 | 0.197 |
| Physical activity (Mets) | 4485 | 4356 | 3629 | 3812 | 0.083 |
| Appetite Hormones | |||||
| Leptin | 18.78 | 13.09 | 20.13 | 15.52 | 0.369 |
| Leptin/Body fat | 0.47 | 0.30 | 0.51 | 0.34 | 0.286 |
| Ghrelin | 1169.74 | 1251.12 | 1320.83 | 1445.80 | 0.285 |
| Ghrelin/leptin/body fat (Log) | 3388.68 | 3194.86 | 3983.01 | 4937.88 | 0.187 |
| Sleep duration (hours) | 7.31 | 1.11 | 7.25 | 1.17 | 0.797 |
| Morning evening score | 52.91 | 7.92 | 50.06 | 9.38 | 0.032 |
|
| |||||
| Before 3:00PM | After 3:00PM | ||||
| CLOCK rs4580704 | Allele (%) | Allele (%) | 0.015* | ||
| CC | 43.57 | 35.07 | |||
| CG | 44.69 | 47.39 | |||
| GG | 11.73 | 17.59 | |||
*
Significant difference in the allele frequency of the major (CC), heterozygote (CG) and minor (GG) allele of CLOCK rs4580704 between early eaters (before 3:00PM) and late eaters (after 3:00 PM). Bold face representing statistical differences with P<0.05.