Table 3.

Effect Sizes, Heterogeneity across Studies, and Publication Bias

Domain	k	ES (g)	CI	P	Q	df	P	n (NC)	n (SC)	Fail-safe n a	Bias Coefficient	Bias SE	P
Theory of mind	50	0.96	±13	<0.001	146.19	49	<0.001	1536	1760	191	3.2	0.80	<0.001
Social perception	13	1.04	±25	<0.001	37.91	12	<0.001	450	503	54	3.72	1.77	0.06
Social knowledge	7	0.54	±17	<0.001	10.48	6	0.106	263	298	12	3.62	2.69	0.237
Externalizing bias	5	−0.02	±38	0.918	14.56	4	0.006	225	221	−6	−0.71	3.26	0.841
Personalizing bias	5	−0.17	±55	0.532	29.33	4	<0.001	225	221	−9	−6.61	2.52	0.079
Emotion perception	62	0.89	±17	<0.001	324.63	61	<0.001	1715	1935	214	4.17	1.11	<0.001
Emotion processing	12	0.88	±30	<0.001	54.56	11	<0.001	638	574	41	−1.09	1.67	0.528

Note: k, number of studies; ES, effect size (Hedge’s g); CI, confidence interval; Q, homogeneity analysis.

^aNumber of studies with effect size of 0 needed to reduce the mean effect size to a criterion level (ie, d = medium effect size of 0.5 or small effect size of 0.2).