Table 3.
Comparisons of Regional GM Volumes of Men With Schizophrenia and Conduct Disorder as Compared to Healthy Men, Men With Schizophrenia and No Conduct Disorder, and Men With Conduct Disorder and No Schizophrenia
| Group Contrast (Brain Region) | BA | Side | Significant Group Differences With a Height Threshold of P < .05 FDR Corrected for Multiple Comparisons | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | |||||||||||||
| MNI Coordinates | None | Age | Age and MAST Scores | Age, MAST, and DAST Scores | |||||||||
| x | y | z | Cluster Size | z | Cluster Size | z | Cluster Size | z | Cluster Size | z | |||
| SZ+CD>H | |||||||||||||
| Hypothalamus | — | 7 | –3 | –8 | R | 280 | 4.34 | 444 | 4.99 | 441 | 5.06 | 605 | 5.67* |
| — | –8 | –1 | –5 | L | 178 | 4.12 | 313 | 4.25 | 254 | 4.17 | 355 | 4.13 | |
| Superior parietal | 7 | –15 | –44 | 65 | L | — | — | — | — | 103 | 4.18 | 121 | 4.18 |
| Cerebellum | — | 15 | –50 | –46 | R | 452 | 4.44 | 758 | 4.63 | 342 | 4.80 | 615 | 4.20 |
| SZ+CD < H | |||||||||||||
| Superior temporal/inferior frontal | 11,38,47 | –30 | 22 | –21 | L | 998 | 4.65 | 1067 | 4.50 | 660 | 4.05 | — | — |
| Middle/superior temporal | 21,22 | 68 | –42 | –1 | R | 910 | 5.04 | 960 | 4.83 | 183 | 4.01 | 179 | 4.14 |
| Inferior/middle temporal | 20 | 52 | 5 | –43 | R | — | — | — | — | 123 | 4.31 | — | — |
| Inferior temporal | 20 | 65 | –12 | –31 | R | — | — | — | — | 551 | 4.26 | — | — |
| Temporoparietal junction | 43 | 51 | –17 | 14 | R | — | — | — | — | 386 | 4.08 | 155 | 4.02 |
| Middle frontal | 11 | –41 | 51 | –16 | L | 121 | 4.31 | 119 | 4.02 | — | — | — | — |
| Superior frontal | 11 | 7 | 67 | –12 | R | 132 | 4.36 | 199 | 4.31 | 114 | 4.10 | — | — |
| 9,10 | 23 | 57 | 33 | R | 148 | 4.34 | 150 | 4.05 | — | — | — | — | |
| 9 | –30 | 47 | 37 | L | 255 | 5.25 | 255 | 4.98 | 180 | 4.45 | — | — | |
| 8 | 12 | 43 | 51 | R | 107 | 4.34 | 129 | 4.11 | 108 | 4.00 | — | — | |
| Inferior frontal | 47 | –37 | 19 | –10 | L | 107 | 4.12 | — | — | 292 | 4.06 | — | — |
| SZ+CD > SZ–CD | |||||||||||||
| Hypothalamus | — | –6 | –1 | –11 | L | 1037 | 5.15 | 985 | 5.05 | 444 | 4.45 | 430 | 4.34 |
| — | 6 | 0 | –10 | R | 606 | 5.33 | 622 | 5.46* | |||||
| Putamen | — | –25 | –5 | –8 | L | — | — | — | — | — | — | 159 | 4.15 |
| Cuneus/precuneus | 7,31 | –13 | –77 | 30 | L | 116 | 4.29 | 118 | 4.30 | 143 | 4.31 | 200 | 4.35 |
| — | –34 | –37 | 46 | L | 110 | 4.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Inferior parietal | 40 | 43 | –50 | 48 | R | 61 | 3.92 | 155 | 4.25 | 206 | 4.20 | 128 | 3.79 |
| SZ+CD < SZ–CD | |||||||||||||
| Inferior frontal | 11,47 | –25 | 17 | –21 | L | 510 | 4.21 | 397 | 4.11 | — | — | — | — |
| SZ+CD > CD | |||||||||||||
| No region | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SZ+CD < CD | |||||||||||||
| Superior temporal | 38 | 50 | 20 | –23 | R | 436 | 4.51 | 468 | 4.59 | 333 | 4.43 | 296 | 4.35 |
| Inferior temporal | 20 | 64 | –54 | –19 | R | 161 | 3.95 | 574 | 4.11 | 458 | 4.24 | 289 | 4.63 |
| Middle temporal | 21 | 69 | –41 | –15 | R | 178 | 4.12 | 188 | 4.15 | ||||
| Superior temporal/insula | 13,38 | –42 | 7 | –8 | L | 156 | 3.87 | 1264 | 4.48 | 1466 | 4.42 | 1196 | 4.34 |
| 13,22,38 | 48 | 8 | –1 | R | 247 | 4.30 | 449 | 4.26 | 912 | 4.54 | 756 | 4.49 | |
| Superior temporal | 21,22 | –57 | 10 | 1 | L | — | — | 148 | 4.19 | 278 | 4.28 | 225 | 4.20 |
| Middle/superior temporal | 21,22 | 65 | –56 | 8 | R | 463 | 4.84 | 568 | 4.91 | 322 | 4.69 | 248 | 4.26 |
| Temporoparietal junction | 19,39 | –53 | –72 | 18 | L | 484 | 4.71 | 582 | 4.99 | 442 | 4.82 | 402 | 4.83 |
| — | –59 | –59 | 12 | L | — | — | 237 | 4.16 | — | — | — | — | |
| 39,40 | 56 | –66 | 37 | R | 279 | 4.29 | 686 | 4.47 | 261 | 4.21 | 211 | 4.14 | |
| Middle/superior frontal | 10 | –31 | 64 | –4 | L | 110 | 4.18 | 314 | 4.75 | 315 | 4.80 | 289 | 4.77 |
| 10 | 45 | 55 | 3 | R | 140 | 4.16 | 173 | 4.24 | — | — | — | — | |
| 10,46 | –35 | 60 | 8 | L | 337 | 4.19 | 509 | 4.43 | 339 | 4.25 | 273 | 4.18 | |
| 9 | –28 | 48 | 37 | L | 163 | 4.44 | 314 | 4.64 | 332 | 4.68 | 315 | 4.64 | |
| Inferior/middle frontal | 9 | 60 | 10 | 32 | R | 120 | 4.30 | 144 | 4.40 | 117 | 4.26 | 114 | 4.24 |
| Inferior frontal | 11 | 23 | 36 | –22 | R | — | — | — | — | — | — | 111 | 4.05 |
| Postcentral | 2 | 50 | –31 | 57 | R | — | — | 109 | 4.23 | 136 | 4.29 | 121 | 4.24 |
| Thalamus (pulvinar) | 7 | –22 | 17 | R | 136 | 3.99 | 466 | 4.21 | 766 | 4.65 | 705 | 4.58 | |
| Uncus/parahippocampal | 28,34 | 14 | 5 | –23 | R | — | — | 483 | 4.57 | 308 | 4.35 | 278 | 4.28 |
| 28,34 | –18 | 2 | –19 | L | — | — | 437 | 4.19 | 349 | 4.18 | 303 | 4.11 | |
Note: BA, Brodmann area. Following abbreviations are explained in the footnote to table 1: SZ+CD, SZ–CD, MAST, and DAST; FDR, false discovery rate, MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.
*Peak voxel significant at P < .05; corrected for multiple comparisons after Family Wise Error (FWE).