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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 10.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2013 May 1;497(7448):211–216. doi: 10.1038/nature12143

Figure 5. Inhibition of GnRH by IKKβ/NF-κB.

Figure 5

a–c Hypothalamic GnRH mRNA of indicated mice. d–g. GT1–7 cells were transfected with CAIKKβ, RelA or DNIκBα vs. control (Con) plasmid (d,e,g), co-transfected with GnRH-promoter luciferase plasmid (e&f), or together with RelA shRNA (sh-RelA) vs. control shRNA (sh-Con) plasmid (f), and were measure for GnRH release (d), GnRH promoter (e&f), and c-Fos, c-Jun, PKCα and PKCδ mRNA levels (g). h. GnRH promoter activities were measured for GT1–7 cells transfected with GnRH-promoter luciferase plasmid, co-transfected with c-Jun or c-Fos plasmid vs. control plasmid (Con), or treated with TPA vs. vehicle (Veh). i. GnRH promoter activities were measured for GT1–7 cells transfected with GnRH-promoter luciferase plasmid, co-transfected with CAIKKβ vs. control (Con) plasmid, and with c-Fos/c-Jun shRNA plasmids (sh-c-Fos/sh-c-Jun) vs. scramble shRNA control (sh-Con). j. Summarized schematic model. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; n = 12 (a&e) and 3 (f–i) per group, and n = 6 (b), 8 (c) and 4 (d) in Con, n = 8 (b) and 6 (d) in IKKβ, and n = 8 (c) and 6 (d) in IκBα. Error bars reflect mean ± SEM.