Table 4. Factors associated with HIV drug resistance among the ART-failure individuals.

Factors	Resistance% (N)	Crude ORb (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR(95% CI)	P-value
Total	45.1 (232)
Gender
Male	43.2 (136)	1.00	0.27
Female	48.0 (96)	1.2 (0.9, 1.8)
Ethnics
Han	42.2 (167)	1.00	0.01	1.0	0.04
Others	54.6 (65)	1.7 (1.2, 2.6)		1.6 (1.0, 2.5)
Age (years)			0.36
<18	60.7 (17)	1.00
18–44	45.0 (174)	0.5 (0.2, 1.2)
≥45	44.2 (41)	0.5 (0.2, 1.2)
Transmission route
Sexual contact	47.1 (123)	1.0	0.02	1.0	<0.01
Drug injection	38.9 (77)	0.7 (0.5, 1.1)		0.6 (0.4, 0.9)
Transfusion or other	57.1 (32)	1.7 (0.9, 3.0)		2.0 (1.0, 4.0)
CD4 counts
<200	53.5 (139)	1.0	<0.01	1.0	<0.01
200–349	37.9 (88)	0.5 (0.4, 0.8)		0.5 (0.4, 0.8)
≥350	35.3 (5)	0.5 (0.2, 1.3)		0.3 (0.1, 1.0)
VL
<5,000–1,000	57.5 (64)	1.0	0.02	1.0	0.04
5,000–9,999	44.9 (134)	0.6 (0.4, 0.9)		0.5 (0.3, 1.0)
≥10,000	34.7 (34)	0.4 (0.2, 0.7)		0.6 (0.4, 0.9)
ART regimens
AZT/3TC/NVP	44.8 (98)	1.0	0.08
d4T/3TC/NVP	54.6 (78)	1.4 (0.9, 2.2)
AZT/3TC/EFV	38.5 (30)	0.8 (0.5, 1.3)
d4T/3TC/EFV	51.2 (21)	0.9 (0.5, 1.8)
Othersa	14.7(5)	0.5 (0.2, 1.2)
Duration of ART(months)
≤26	31.7 (68)	1.0	<0.01	1.0	<0.01
27–52	56.9 (123)	2.9 (1.9, 4.2)		3.0 (2.0, 4.5)
>52	53.9 (41)	2.5 (1.5, 4.3)		2.6 (1.5, 4.6)

Note: ^aAZT/3TC/LPV/r, TDF/3TC/LPV/r, ABC/3TC/LPV/r, and d4T/3TC/LPV/r were included.

^bOR, Odds Ratio.