. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Public Health Dent. 2013 Apr 7;73(3):204–209. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12014

Table 2.

Comparison of clinical and photographic examination methods in detecting all types of, opacity, and hypoplasia DDE in primary teeth of infants

Type of DDE	Age Group	Method	Number of infants with DDE (%)	Number of teeth with DDE (%)	Mean teeth with DDE per infant
All types of DDE	8m	Clinical	25(18.1%) ^*	41 (9.2%) ^*	0.30^†
	8m	Photographic	48 (34.8%)	97 (21.8%)	0.70

	18–20m	Clinical	61 (25.6%) ^*	153 (8.4%) ^*	0.64^†
	18–20m	Photographic	152 (63.9%)	367 (20.0%)	1.54

Opacity	8m	Clinical	14 (10.1%) ^*	23 (5.2%) ^*	0.17^†
	8m	Photographic	25 (18.1%)	49 (11.0%)	0.36

	18–20m	Clinical	35 (14.7%) ^*	90 (4.9%) ^*	0.38^†
	18–20m	Photographic	102 (42.9%)	252 (13.8%)	1.06

Hypoplasia	8m	Clinical	15 (10.9%) ^*	20 (4.5%) ^*	0.14^†
	8m	Photographic	32 (23.2%)	57 (12.8%)	0.41

	18–20m	Clinical	38 (16.0%) ^*	76 (4.1%) ^*	0.32^†
	18–20m	Photographic	95 (39.9%)	173 (9.4%)	0.73

indicates the numbers of infants/teeth with DDE detected only by one method were significantly higher than those detected only by the other method (McNemar test, P < 0.05).

^†

indicates the significant difference in mean numbers between two methods (paired t-test, P < 0.05).