Table 3.
Selection of thermophilic H2 production using mixed/pure culture in various reactor types and/or industrial media. First four are best cases using model substrates
| Reactor type | Conditions | Feedstock/substrate | Organism/source of inoculum for mixed culture | Enrichment with complex substrate | H2 yield | Q H2 (mM/h) | References | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method of cultivation | HRT (h) | T (°C) | pH (C/nC) | ml-H2/gVS | mol/C6 mol | ||||||
| CSTR | Continuous | 2.86 | 72 | 6.7 (C) | Glucose | Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus | Yeast extract | ND | 3.0 | 12.4 | de Vrije et al. (2007) |
| CSTR + carrier | Continuous | 3 | 58 | 6 (C) | Glucose | Geothermal spring, Hveravellir, Iceland | Yeast extract | ND | 1.54 | 45.80 | Koskinen et al. (2008) |
| Gas lift fermentor | Continuous | 5 | 85 | 6 (C) | Pyruvate | Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1 | Peptone | ND | 2.18† | 9.46 | Kanai et al. (2005) |
| UASB | Continuous | 0.75 | 60 | 5 (C) | Sucrose | Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum PSU-2 | Peptone | ND | 1.3 | 152 | O-Thong et al. (2008a, b) |
| UASB | Continuous | 24 | 70 | 5.1 (nC) | Wheat straw hydrolysate | ND | Yeast extract | 89.00 | ND | 1.52 | Kongjan et al. (2010a, b) |
| CSTR | Continuous | 24 | 70 | 7 (nC) | Pig slurry | Raw pig slurry | – | ND | ND | ~4.6 | Kotsopoulos et al. (2009) |
| CSTR | Continuous | 24 | 55 | 5.25 (nC) | Rapeseed straw stillage from ethanol plant | Thermophilic anaerobic digested manure from biogas plant | – | 40.00 | ND | 6.04 | Luo et al. (2011) |
| CSTR | Continuous | 12 | 60 | 6.8 (C) | Sugar factory waste water | Sludge compost | – | ND | 2.5 | 8.30 | Ueno et al. (1996) |
| CSTR | Continuous | 4 | 60 | 5.5 (C) | Tofu waste water + glucose | Hydrogenogenic labscale CSTR | – | ND | 2.3 | 20.70 | Kim and Lee (2010) |
| biofilm | Continuous | 3 | 55 | 5 (C) | Sucrose | Hydrogenogenic labscale CSTR | Yeast extract | ND | 1.59 | 4.66 | Keskin et al. (2011) |
| Anaerobic filter | Continuous | 24 | 70 | 5.4 (nC) | Wheat straw hydrolysate | Enriched hydrogenogenic culture in CSTR | Yeast extract | ND | ND | 0.85 | Kongjan et al. (2010a, b) |
| Membrane bioreactor | Continuous | 4 | 60 | 5.5 (C) | Tofu waste water | Municipal sewage | – | ND | 1.45 | 34.25 | Kim et al. (2011a, b) |
| Upflow anaerobic | Continuous | 2 | 55 | 5.5 (C) | Rice winery wastewater | Municipal sewage | – | ND | 1.9 | 3.81 | Yu et al. (2002) |
| Semi-continuous | Continuous | 16 | 60 | 5.5 (nC) | Cassava stillage | UASB treating cassava stillage | – | 56.70 | ND | 6.21 | Luo et al. (2010) |
| UASB | Continuous | 24 | 55 | nd | De-sugared molasses | Anaerobic digested manure | Yeast extract | 159.60 | ND | 7.76 | Kongjan et al. (2011) |
| EGSB | Continuous | 6 | 70 | nd | Glucose, arabinose | Household solid waste | – | ND | ND | 4.66 | Abreu et al. (2010) |
| ASBR | Batch | 96 | 60 | 5.5 (C) | palm oil mill effluent (POME) | Palm oil mill wastewater treatment plant | Peptone | ND | 2.60 | 1.08 | O-Thong et al. (2008a, b) |
| ASBR | Batch | 48 | 60 | 5.5 (C) | POME | Palm oil mill wastewater treatment plant | Peptone | ND | ND | 16.90 | Prasertsan et al. (2009) |
EGSB expanded granular sludge blanket, C pH controlled, nC pH not controlled, ND not determined, † estimated