Endothelial Targeting of ATA. (A) Healthy ECs express antithrombotic activity, using a variety of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic mechanisms to maintain blood fluidity. (B) Thrombin-dependent therapeutics, including lmw-scuPA-T and TM, can be anchored to the luminal membrane of ECs using PECAM-targeted scFv antibody fragments. This approach has the potential to augment endogenous antithrombotic mechanisms, which developed through millions of years of evolution to prevent thrombosis without compromising normal tissue responses to injury.