Table 3.
Model fit (separate groups)
| Model | χ2 (df) | CFI | BIC | RMSEA (90 % CI) |
SRMR | χ2 Δ (df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Struggling readers | |||||||
| Set I 1a | 995.815 (20) | .795 | 53338.943 | .218 (.207 to .230) | .090 | – | – |
| Set I 2a | 736.635 (19) | .849 | 53086.696 | .192 (.180 to .204) | .072 | 259 (1) | .0001 |
| Set I 3a | 132.967 (17) | .976 | 52496.893 | .082 (.069 to .095) | .042 | 604 (2) | .0001 |
| Set II 4a | 633.901 (41) | .910 | 74195.825 | .119 (.111 to .127) | .071 | – | – |
| Set II 5a | 331.425 (41) | .956 | 73893.349 | .083 (.075 to .092) | .047 | – | – |
| Set II 6a | 207.812 (38) | .974 | 73790.534 | .066 (.057 to .075) | .038 | 113 (3) | .0001 |
| Set II 6a- modified |
166.316 (37) | .980 | 73755.970 | .058 (.050 to .068) | .030 | 41 (1) | .0001 |
| Typical readers | |||||||
| Set I 1b | 640.142 (20) | .753 | 37682.791 | .207 (.193 to .221) | .086 | – | – |
| Set I 2b | 500.898 (19) | .808 | 37550.130 | .187 (.173 to .202) | .073 | 139 (1) | .0001 |
| Set I 3b | 113.562 (17) | .962 | 37175.961 | .089 (.074 to .104) | .040 | 387 (2) | .0001 |
| Set II 4b | 410.309 (41) | .905 | 52542.932 | .112 (.102 to .122) | .056 | – | – |
| Set II 5b | 332.823 (41) | .925 | 52465.446 | .099 (.089 to .109) | .050 | – | – |
| Set II 6b | 217.839 (38) | .954 | 52370.231 | .081 (.071 to .092) | .040 | 114 (3) | .0001 |
| Set II 6b- modified |
149.150 (36) | .971 | 52314.690 | .066 (.055 to .077) | .036 | 68 (2) | .0001 |
Models 1a and 1b—8 indicators of reading on 1 factor; models 2a and 2b—indicators of comprehension versus other measures; models 3a and 3b—separate decoding, fluency, and comprehension factors. All χ2 values are significant, p<.0001. Within a set, models are compared to those preceding it
CFI comparative fit index, BIC Bayesian information criteria, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation, SRMR standardized root mean square residual