Table 6.

Classification of reading difficulty

All struggling readers (N = 993)
No difficulties	147	14.8 %
Some difficulties	846	85.2 %
Struggling readers with difficulty (N = 846)
By area
Decoding	399	47.16 %
Fluency	388	45.86 %
Comprehension/fluency	666	78.72 %
Comprehension	711	84.04 %
By specificity
Decoding only	7	0.83 %
Fluency only	16	1.89 %
Comprehension/fluency only	68	8.04 %
Comprehension only	102	12.06 %

Proportions are given using WJ-III Passage Comprehension or GRADE Reading Comprehension