Table 2.

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for self-reported physician-diagnosed incident cataracts vs. exercise from Cox proportional hazard analyses.

	BMI not included	BMI included
Sample size (N)	47,527	46,940
Incident events	1807	1772
Runners (0,1)	0.72‡ (0.60, 0.86)	0.71† (0.59, 0.85)
Energy expenditure (per METh/d)
Running	0.96† (0.94, 0.99)	0.96† (0.94, 0.99)
Walking	0.92§ (0.88, 0.96)	0.92§ (0.89, 0.96)
Other vigorous	0.98* (0.97, 1.00)	0.98* (0.97, 1.00)
Other moderate	1.02 (1.00, 1.05)	1.02 (1.00, 1.05)
Other light	1.02 (0.92, 1.10)	1.02 (0.92, 1.10)
BMI (per kg/m2)		1.01 (0.99, 1.02)
Comparison between coefficients Ratio of hazard ratio
Running vs. walking	1.05 (1.00, 1.10)	1.05 (1.00, 1.10)
Running vs. other vigorous	0.98 (0.95, 1.01)	0.98 (0.95, 1.01)
Walking vs. other moderate	0.90 (0.85, 0.94)	0.90 (0.86, 0.95)

The model included all of the variables listed above, along with baseline age (age, age²), sex, race (self identified African-American, Hispanic, Asian, Native American), education, smoking (current smoker vs. non-smoker), and intakes of meat, fruit, and alcohol. Significance levels for individual coefficients are coded

^*P<0.05

^†P<0.01

^‡P<0.001

^§P<0.0001.