Skip to main content
. 2013 Jan 26;1(1):56–64. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2012.10.003

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

HNE activates stress kinases in smooth muscle cells. Immunoblot analysis of HNE- or ER stress inducer-treated cells: (A) Western blot analysis of stress kinase phosphorylation and the expression of the ER stress-related proteins CHOP and Grp78. Cells were incubated in the absence (CTRL) or presence of 50 μM HNE (+HNE), and the cells were harvested after 5, 10, or 30 min. For incubation at longer time points (120–480 min), HNE-containing medium was removed after 30 min, and the cells were incubated in fresh culture medium for the indicated times. (B) Cells were incubated in culture medium alone (CTRL) or in medium supplemented with 10 μg/ml tunicamycin for the indicated times. The expression of CHOP, Grp78, and actin was analyzed by Western blotting. (C) Cells were incubated in culture medium alone (CTRL) or in medium supplemented with 1 μg/ml thapsigargin for 8 h. The expression of CHOP, Grp78, and actin was analyzed by Western blotting. Results are representative of at least 3 separate experiments.