Fig. 1.

Activation of Nrf2 results in increased cellular glucose uptake and glucose addition. (A) In quiescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts Nrf2 was activated (black bars) either by knockout of Keap1 (Keap1^−/−) or treatment with sulforaphane (SFN, 5 µM) for 7 h. The cellular glucose uptake rate was determined as described in Materials and methods. The graph compiles data of three independent experiments expressed as fold increases compared to wildtype (WT) cells with basal Nrf2 activity (* p<0.05, Student's t-test, mean+SEM). (B) Quiescent WT and Nrf2^−/− MEFs were treated with vehicle (DMSO, D) or 5 µM SFN for 7 h before their glucose uptake rate was determined. The graph compiles data of three independent experiments expressed as fold increases compared to vehicle-treated control cells (⁎p<0.05, Student's t-test, mean+SEM).(C) Control cells with basal Nrf2 activity and cells with activated Nrf2 (treatment with 5 µM SFN or Keap1^−/− cells) were cultivated in absence of glucose as indicated. After the given periods of time cell viability was assessed based on Trypan Blue exclusion and analyzed in an automated cell viability analyzer. The depicted graph compiles data from three independent experiments. (* p<0.05 (compared to WT cells at the respective time point, ANOVA, mean+SEM)).