Table 4. Detection of any HPV type among women from the CARE Project (n = 1116).
| No. of women with any HPV type detected/total no. of women in category (%) | Univariable OR (95% CI) | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | |
| Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–26 | 268/462 (58.0) | 3.02 (2.21–4.13)** | 2.09 (1.26–3.50)* |
| 27–39 | 110/293 (37.5) | 1.40 (0.99–1.97) | 1.00 (0.65–1.56) |
| 40 or older | 102/358 (28.5) | ref. | ref. |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 439/1038 (42.3) | ref. | -- |
| Other | 37/67 (55.2) | 1.37 (0.82–2.31) | -- |
| Marital status | |||
| Never married | 209/362 (57.7) | 2.79 (2.08–3.74)** | 1.26 (0.80–1.99) |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 96/199 (48.2) | 2.02 (1.44–2.85)** | 1.10 (0.69–1.76) |
| Married/member of a couple | 159/526 (30.2) | ref. | ref. |
| Education | |||
| Less than a high school degree | 66/131 (50.4) | 1.37 (0.92–2.02) | -- |
| High school degree | 189/408 (46.3) | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) | -- |
| More than a high school degree | 223/572 (39.0) | ref. | -- |
| Annual household income | |||
| $20,000 or less | 253/477 (53.0) | 3.32 (2.14–5.17)** | 1.66 (0.97–2.84) |
| $20,001–$50,000 | 110/297 (37.0) | 1.88 (1.20–2.96)* | 1.11 (0.66–1.87) |
| More than $50,000 | 37/166 (22.3) | ref. | ref. |
| Health Characteristics | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoker | 155/471 (32.9) | ref. | ref. |
| Former smoker | 63/167 (37.7) | 1.24 (0.85–1.81) | 0.98 (0.60–1.61) |
| Current smoker | 259/469 (55.2) | 2.19 (1.66–2.88)** | 1.86 (1.26–2.73)* |
| Ever been pregnant | |||
| No | 164/311 (52.7) | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 310/788 (39.3) | 0.62 (0.47–0.81)** | 0.80 (0.50–1.27) |
| Pap test within the last 3 years | |||
| No | 65/161 (40.4) | 0.85 (0.60–1.20) | -- |
| Yes | 413/949 (43.5) | ref. | -- |
| Ever have prior abnormal Pap test | |||
| No | 230/620 (37.1) | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 249/486 (51.2) | 1.74 (1.35–2.23)** | 1.34 (0.95–1.90) |
| Pap test result upon entry into CARE Project | |||
| Normal (control) | 269/838 (32.1) | ref. | ref. |
| Abnormal (case) | 212/278 (76.3) | 6.81 (4.92–9.41)** | 5.59 (3.73–8.37)** |
| Ever told they had HPV infection (venereal warts, condylomas, or a papillomavirus infection) | |||
| No | 401/974 (41.2) | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 73/126 (57.9) | 1.99 (1.35–2.93)** | 1.21 (0.73–2.00) |
| Age at first sexual intercourse | |||
| 15 or younger | 174/350 (49.7) | 1.35 (1.04–1.76)* | 0.81 (0.56–1.16) |
| 16 or older | 299/736 (40.6) | ref. | ref. |
| Number of male sexual partners during lifetime | |||
| 4 or fewer | 136/458 (29.7) | ref. | ref. |
| 5 or more | 314/561 (56.0) | 2.87 (2.19–3.75)** | 2.28 (1.56–3.33)** |
| Number of male sexual partners during last year | |||
| 0–1 | 307/851 (36.1) | ref. | ref. |
| 2 or more | 155/220 (70.5) | 3.84 (2.74–5.38)** | 1.98 (1.25–3.14)* |
| Any male sexual partners with history of STI | |||
| No/don’t know | 405/952 (42.5) | ref. | -- |
| Yes | 56/115 (48.7) | 1.13 (0.76–1.68) | -- |
| Number of female sexual partners during lifetime | |||
| 0 | 441/1042 (42.3) | ref. | ref. |
| 1 or more | 35/53 (66.0) | 2.30 (1.25–4.21)* | 0.79 (0.36–1.76) |
Note. Totals may be less than stated sample size due to missing data. The multivariable model included data on 814 women due to missing data on correlates. The multivariable model did not include variables with dashes (--). HPV = human papillomavirus, CARE = Community Awareness Resources Education, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, ref. = referent group, STI = sexually transmitted infection.
*
p<0.05, **p<0.001.