Table 1. Patient cohorts and characteristics.

		Age	Males:Females	CD4+ T cell count cells/mm3	Viral load(HIV RNA copies/mL plasma)	%CD3+CD4+	%CD3+CD8+	%CD4+HLA-DR+	%CD8+HLA-DR+	Years diagnosed	Years on HAART	HAARTregimen
HIV-negative(HIV-)	n = 40	38(21–63)	17∶20	N/A	N/A	67.3%(46.7–91.9)	23.2%(4.4–46.0)	4.90%(1.44–22.0)	6.96%(0.55–28.50)	N/A	N/A	N/A
HIV-infected,therapy-naïve	n = 34	41(20–77)	28∶6	506(18–1353)	76,390(<50–976,464)	41.8%****(10.5–70.7)	44.0%****(17.2–66.4)	12.27%****(1.720–44.20)	20.20%****(1.24–58.70)	6.06(1–23)	N/A	N/A
HIV-infected,HAART	n = 63	50(30–64)	47∶13	497(96–1578)	<50	47.9%****(16.9–90.4)	40.0%****(3.4–74.4)	9.21%**(1.22–27.40)	9.69%†(0.12–32.20)	6.06(1–23)	6.96(2–20)	PI, NNRTI, combination

Age, T cell counts, viral loads, years diagnosed and years on HAART are expressed as mean values with the range indicated in parentheses. CD4+ T cell counts and plasma viral load are not applicable (N/A) for HIV-negative controls. Plasma viral load was under 50 HIV RNA copies/mL plasma in HIV-infected, HAART-treated group. (PI = protease inhibitor, NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, combination = PI+NNRTI). P values determined using ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparisons test (**P<0.01, ****P<0.001 compared to HIV-negative controls.

^†P<0.001 compared to HIV, therapy naïve.).