Figure 8. Western blot signals (Fig. 7) for total IR (a), IRS-1 (c), IRS-2 (e), and Akt (f) levels were normalized to actin levels, and those for phosphorylated IR (b), IRS-1 (d), and Akt (g) were normalized to their total protein levels.

Values are means ± SE. White, black, and grey columns: control (n = 4), untreated STZ-induced diabetic (n = 4), and insulin-treated STZ-induced diabetic (n = 5) rats, respectively. ^* p<0.05, ^† p<0.01, ^‡ p<0.005, and ^§ p<0.0001 vs. control; ^** p<0.01, and ^†† p<0.005 vs. untreated STZ-induced diabetic rats.