Table 4.

Hierarchical regression models of depression severity and diabetes distress predicting domains of quality of life and total Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) scores

Predictor Variable	b	β	R2	$R_{\mathit{Change}}^2$	F (dfmodel, dferror)	ra(b.c)2
Total QOLI score
Step 1: Demographic and illness factors			0.25		4.74 (9, 129)***
Age	0.01	0.03				0.00
Gender (0 = Male; 1 = Female)	0.58	0.33a*				0.02
Race (0 = Non-hispanic white; 1 = Minority)	0.51	0.29a				0.01
Years of education	−0.05	−0.09				0.01
Diabetes complications (0 = No; 1 = Yes)	−0.30	−0.17a				0.01
Prescribed insulin (0 = No; 1 = Yes)	0.31	0.17a				0.01
Diabetes duration	0.00	0.01				0.00
MDD diagnosis (0 = No; 1 = Yes)	−0.57	−0.32a†				0.02
Number of comorbid psychological diagnoses	−0.57	−0.40***				0.11
Step 2:			0.39	0.14	7.27 (11, 127)***
MADRS	−0.08	−0.42***				0.08
DDS	−0.02	−0.23**				0.04
Achievement
Step 1: Demographic and illness factors			0.17		3.03 (9, 129)**
Age	−0.01	−0.05				0.00
Gender	0.22	0.09a				0.00
Race	0.79	0.33a				0.01
Years of education	−0.01	−0.01				0.00
Diabetes complications	−0.25	−0.10a				0.00
Prescribed Insulin	−0.01	−0.00a				0.00
Diabetes duration	0.01	0.04				0.00
MDD diagnosis	−0.99	0.41a*				0.04
Number of comorbid psychological diagnoses	−0.58	−0.30**				0.06
Step 2:			0.31	0.13	5.12 (11, 127)***
MADRS	−0.08	−0.32**				0.05
DDS	−0.04	−0.30***				0.07
Psychosocial growth
Step 1: Demographic and illness factors			0.17		2.95 (9, 129)**
Age	0.00	0.01				0.00
Gender	0.84	0.39a*				0.03
Race	0.55	0.25a				0.01
Years of education	−0.04	−0.06				0.00
Diabetes complications	−0.01	−0.00a				0.00
Prescribed insulin	0.71	0.33a†				0.02
Diabetes duration	−0.01	−0.03				0.00
MDD diagnosis	−0.68	0.31a†				0.02
Number of comorbid psychological diagnoses	−0.52	−0.29**				0.06
Step 2:			0.26	0.09	4.03 (11, 127)***
MADRS	−0.08	−0.37***				0.07
DDS	−0.02	−0.14†				0.02
Interpersonal relationships
Step 1: Demographic and illness factors			0.16		2.81 (9, 129)**
Age	0.01	0.05†				0.00
Gender	0.88	0.34a				0.03
Race	0.40	0.15a				0.00
Years of education	−0.12	−0.16†				0.02
Diabetes complications	−0.49	−0.19a				0.01
Prescribed insulin	0.09	0.03a				0.00
Diabetes duration	0.01	0.03				0.00
MDD diagnosis	−0.01	−0.00				0.00
Number of comorbid psychological diagnoses	−0.66	−0.32***				0.07
Step 2:			0.19	0.03	2.76 (11, 127)
MADRS	−0.04	−0.17				0.01
DDS	−0.02	−0.13				0.01
Environment
Step 1: Demographic and illness factors			0.15		2.59 (9, 129)**
Age	0.04	0.15				0.02
Gender	0.55	0.24a				0.01
Race	−0.01	−0.00a				0.00
Years of education	−0.03	−0.04				0.00
Diabetes complications	−0.27	−0.12a				0.00
Prescribed insulin	0.35	0.15a				0.00
Diabetes duration	0.00	0.01				0.00
MDD diagnosis	−0.27	−0.12a				0.00
Number of comorbid diagnoses	−0.54	−0.29**				0.06
Step 2:			0.24	0.09	3.67 (11, 127)***
MADRS	−0.10	−0.42***				0.08
DDS	−0.01	−0.06				0.00

Significance of F-statistic for Step 2 represents the significance of the change from Step 1

^†p ≤ 0.10;

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p ≤ 0.001

^aRepresents Y-standardized coefficients