Table 2.
Summary of Studies Comparing African Americans and European Americans on Alcohol Related Problems
| Authors | Recruitment | Data Source | Sample | Gender (M/F) |
Age | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Abuse | ||||||
| Grant et al., 2004 | National, randomized sample | NESARC, 2001–2002; NLAES, 1991–1992 | AA:756 EA:7511 |
AA:76/24 EA:70/30 |
18–65 | AA<EA |
| Lillie-Blanton et al., 1991 | Community-based, multi-stage probability sampling | Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) household survey | AA:809 EA:1374 |
Females only | 18–59 | AA>EA |
| Schmidt et al., 2007 | National randomized sample | NAS, 2000 | Data not provided | Data not provided | 18+ | AA<EA |
| Wu et al., 2011 | National randomized, multi-stage area probability sampling | NSDUH, 2005–2008 | AA:10109 EA:43778 |
Data not provided | 12–17 | AA<EA |
| Alcohol Dependence Symptoms | ||||||
| Caetano et al., 2001 | National randomized sample | Information not provided | AA:358 EA:555 |
Data not provided | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Grant et al., 2004 | National, randomized sample | NESARC, 2001–2002; NLAES, 1991–1992 | AA:756 EA:7511 |
AA:76/24 EA:70/30 |
18–65 | AA=EA |
| Herd, 1994 | National, randomized sample | Alcohol Research Group, 1984 | AA:494 EA:568 |
Males only | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Herd, 1997 | National randomized sample | Alcohol Research Group, 1984 | AA:1947 EA:1777 |
AA:38/62 EA:41/59 |
18+ | AA>EA |
| Jones-Webb et al., 1997a | National randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 1992 | AA:208 EA:280 |
Men only | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Jones-Webb et al., 1997b | National randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 1992 | AA:436 EA:575 |
AA:51/49 EA:52/48 |
18+ | AA>EA |
| Midanik & Clark, 1995 | National randomized household probability sample | Alcohol Research Group’s 1990 survey | Data not provided | Data not provided | 18–60 | AA>EA |
| Mulia et al., 2008 | National randomized sample | U.S. National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 2005 | AA:1054 EA:3967 |
AA:45/56 EA:48/52 |
18–50 | AA>EA |
| Mulia et al., 2009 | National, randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 2005 | AA:1054 EA:3967 |
Data not provided | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Schmidt et al., 2007 | National randomized sample | NAS, 2000 | Data not provided | Data not provided | 18+ | AA<EA |
| Alcohol Dependence Diagnosis | ||||||
| Gilman, 2008 | Nationally representative household survey | National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), 2001–2002 | AA:5826 EA:20278 |
Data not provided | 18–60 | AA<EA lifetime |
| Grant, 1997 | National, randomized multistage sampling | NLAES, 1992 | Total:42862 | Data not provided | 18–55 | AA<EA lifetime AA>EA past year |
| Kandel et al., 1997 | National, randomized multistage area probability sample | NHSDA, 1991–1993 | AA:20744 EA:42206 |
AA:41/59 EA:46/54 |
12–50 | AA>EA past year |
| Lillie-Blanton et al., 1991 | Community-based, multi-stage probability sampling | Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) household survey | AA:809 EA:1374 |
Females only | 18–59 | AA>EA lifetime |
| Mulia et al., 2008 | National randomized sample | U.S. National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 2005 | AA:1054 EA:3967 |
AA:45/56 EA:48/52 |
18–50 | AA>EA past year |
| Mulia et al., 2009 | National, randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 2005 | AA:1054 EA:3967 |
Data not provided | 18+ | AA>EA past year |
| Wu et al., 2011 | National randomized, multi-stage area probability sampling | NSDUH, 2005–2008 | AA:10109 EA:43778 |
Data not provided | 12–17 | AA<EA past year |
| General Problems | ||||||
| Caetano & Clark, 1998b | National, randomized probability sample | Information not provided | AA:1580 EA:1637 |
AA:41/59 EA:46/54 |
18+ | AA>EA |
| Caetano & Kaskutas, 1996 | National, randomized probability sample | NAS, 1992 | AA:723 EA:788 |
AA:44/56 EA:49/51 |
18+ | AA males >EA males |
| Herd, 1997 | National randomized sample | Alcohol Research Group, 1984 | AA:1947 EA:1777 |
AA:38/62 EA:41/59 | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Jones-Webb et al., 1997a | National randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 1992 | AA:208 EA:280 |
Men only | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Jones-Webb et al., 1997b | National randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 1992 | AA:436 EA:575 |
AA:51/49 EA:52/48 | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Health Problems | ||||||
| Fuchs et al., 2001 | Community-based, longitudinal random sample | Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987–1995 | AA:1320 EA:6817 |
AA:34/66 EA:45/55 | 45–64 | AA>EA hypertension |
| Kochanek e al., 2002 | National, database | U.S. Census Bureau | AA:286573 EA:1981973 |
AA:51/50 EA:48/52 |
0–85 | AA>EA alcohol-induced causes of death |
| Pletcher et al., 2005 | Information not provide in article, other articles referenced | Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, 2000–2001 | AA:1374 EA:1663 |
AA:42/58 EA:48/52 |
32–47 | AA males>EA coronary calcification |
| Sempos et al., 2003 | National randomized sample | NHANES Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS), 1971–1992 | AA: 2054 | AA: 37/63 | 25–75 | No beneficial effects of moderate drinking compared to lifetime abstainers for AA. |
| Stinson et al., 1993 | National clinical sample | U.S. Vital Statistics published by NCHS, 1983–1989 | AA:4339 EA:14689 |
AA:74/26 EA:76/24 |
15–85 | AA>EA alcohol-induced causes of death |
| Yoon et al., 2010 | National sample | National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 1970–2007 | AA:2580 EA:22211 |
AA:65/35 EA:64/36 |
0–85 | 2001: AA>EA alcohol-related cirrhosis 2007: EA>AA alcohol-related cirrhosis |
| Social Problems | ||||||
| Caetano et al., 2001 | National randomized sample | Information not provided | AA:358 EA:555 |
Data not provided | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Caetano, 1997 | National, randomized probability sample | NAS, 1992 | AA:723 EA:788 |
AA:44/56 EA:49/51 |
18+ | AA>EA |
| Herd, 1994 | National, randomized sample | Alcohol Research Group, 1984 | AA:494 EA:568 |
Males only | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Herd, 1997 | National randomized sample | Alcohol Research Group, 1984 | AA:1947 EA:1777 |
AA:38/62 EA:41/59 | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Jones-Webb et al., 1997a | National randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 1992 | AA:208 EA:280 |
Males only | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Jones-Webb et al., 1997b | National randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 1992 | AA:436 EA:575 |
AA:51/49 EA:52/48 | 18+ | AA>EA |
| Midanik & Clark, 1995 | National randomized household probability sample | Alcohol Research Group’s 1990 survey | Data not provided | Data not provided | 18–60 | AA>EA |
| Mulia et al., 2008 | National randomized sample | U.S. National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 2005 | AA:1054 EA:3967 |
AA:45/56 EA:48/52 |
18–50 | AA>EA |
| Mulia et al., 2009 | National, randomized sample | National Alcohol Survey (NAS), 2005 | AA:1054 EA:3967 |
Data not provided | 18+ | AA>EA |
Note. The racial categories included are African American (AA) and European American (EA). Gender categories are male (M) and female (F). Lifetime: defined as drinking at any time throughout life; Past Year: defined as consuming alcohol within the past 12 months.