Table 1.
Parameter | HC | Euthymic BD | Manic/hypo BD | Depressed BD | Group Differences |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 34.9 ± 11.3 | 39.2 ± 8.7 | 33.8 ± 11.4 | 34.4 ± 8.7 | ns |
Gender (male/female) | 11 M, 17 F | 8 M, 15 F | 13 M, 4 F | 6 M, 8 F | b, D |
Education (years) | 14.4 ± 2.0 | 15.0 ± 2.3 | 13.8 ± 2.0 | 13.8 ± 1.8 | ns |
Ethnicity (n) | ns | ||||
Caucasian | 17 | 13 | 16 | 10 | |
Latino | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
African-American | 5 | 8 | 1 | 3 | |
Asian | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| |||||
BD Duration of Illness | 10.8 ± 8.1 | 10.7 ± 7.6 | 9.1 ± 8.6 | ns | |
BD Age of Onset | 28.5 ± 9.1 | 22.5 ± 6.9 | 25.4 ± 9.3 | ns | |
Number of BD Hospitalizations | 2.5 ± 3.0 | 3.2 ± 2.7 | 3.6 ± 4.4 | ns | |
Medication | |||||
Antipsychotic alone | 8 | 3 | 2 | ||
Mood stabilizer alone | 9 | 3 | 5 | ||
Antipsychotic + Mood stabilizer | 4 | 7 | 5 | ||
Other medications | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Not medicated | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| |||||
PPVT | 102.8 ± 11.8 | 98.3 ± 13.0 | 101.0 ± 17.3 | 104.3 ± 14.4 | ns |
YMRS | 0.7 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 4.0 | 25.7 ± 8.7 | 6.7 ± 4.1 | A,B,C,D,F |
HDRS | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 5.6 ± 2.7 | 9.9 ± 5.2 | 20.1 ± 6.2 | A,B,C,d,E,F |
PANSS Total Score | 33.0 ± 2.9 | 45.3 ± 9.0 † | 77.0 ± 27.0 | 64.1 ± 18.9 | B,C,D,E |
PANSS Positive Symptoms | 7.9 ± 1.2 | 11.0 ± 2.4 | 21.8 ± 8.3 | 12.3 ± 3.8 | B,c,D,F |
PANSS Negative Symptoms | 7.8 ± 1.0 | 8.0 ± 1.0 | 14.3 ± 6.6 | 12.4 ± 6.6 | B,C,D,e |
Data are shown as the means ± standard deviation.
Significant differences between individual groups are denoted as follows;
HC and euthymic BD
HC and manic BD
HC and depressed BD
euthymic and manic BD
euthymic and depressed BD
manic and depressed BD.
(a,b,c,d,e,fP < 0.05; A,B,C,D,E,F, P < 0.01).
indicates a trend towards a difference between the labeled BD group and HC (P < 0.1).