Table 2.
Measure | HC | Euthymic BD | Manic/hypo BD | Depressed BD | Group Differences |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UPSA-2 Total Score | 104.3 ± 4.8 | 92.9 ± 11.5 | 81.3 ± 20.9 | 94.9 ± 11.8 | A,B,c, f |
UPSA-2 Comprehension | 16.4 ± 2.4 | 13.4 ± 2.6 | 12.7 ± 3.4 | 13.2 ± 3.0 | A,B,C |
UPSA-2 Financial | 18.5 ± 1.6 | 17.0 ± 3.0 | 15.6 ± 4.7 † | 17.0 ± 3.7 | ns |
UPSA-2 Communication | 16.9 ± 2.3 | 14.5 ± 3.0 | 12.3 ± 4.1 | 15.0 ± 3.2 | a,B |
UPSA-2 Transportation | 16.3 ± 2.3 | 14.7 ± 3.0 | 14.1 ± 4.8 | 14.6 ± 3.3 | ns |
UPSA-2 Household skills | 16.8 ± 2.4 | 16.3 ± 2.7 | 14.4 ± 5.6 | 17.5 ± 3.2 | ns |
UPSA-2 Medication | 18.8 ± 1.4 | 17.0 ± 3.2 | 12.3 ± 7.3 | 17.6 ± 3.0 | B,d,f |
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WCST Total Errors | 51.8 ± 8.7 | 43.1 ± 12.8 † | 37.9 ± 12.4 | 43.1 ± 10.5 † | B |
WCST Perserverative Errors | 50.1 ± 8.9 | 40.5 ± 9.3 | 36.5 ± 12.7 | 45.2 ± 10.4 | A,B |
WCST Categories completed | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | a, B ,c |
Data are shown as the untransformed means ± standard deviation.
Significant differences between individual groups are denoted as follows;
HC and euthymic BD
HC and manic BD
HC and depressed BD
euthymic and manic BD
manic and depressed BD.
(a,b,c,d,fP < 0.05; A,B,C,C,D,F, P < 0.01).
indicates a trend towards a difference between the labeled BD group and HC (P < 0.1).