Comparison of gains and spike counts for NEM and EM neurons during default (air-off) and flight (air-on) states. All data were recorded during head-fixed rotational motion along a given neuron's preferred cardinal axis (x/y/z) of rotation. Each data point corresponds to a single neuron's response to a specific combination of stimulus velocity (5–20°/s) and frequency (0.25–1 Hz), presented in the presence and absence of airflow. Each symbol shape of a particular color corresponds to the available data for a single neuron, and symbol color indicates whether the neuron had a significantly higher value (red), lower value (blue), or no change in value (black) between behavioral states, based on the results of a Wilcoxon matched-pair test. A, Gain values (spk/s per °/s) from steady-state sinusoidal fits to the IFR. B, Mean + half-cycle spike counts.