Table 2.
Socioeconomic-demographic, cumulative clinical, serologic and treatment characteristics of SLE patients from the GLADEL cohort compared as a function of ethnicity *
| Variable | Ethnicity
|
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caucasian (n=603) | Mestizo (n=638) | ALA (n=185) | ||
| Age at diagnosis, years, median | 28.0 | 27.0 | 25.0 | 0.0106 |
| Delay in diagnosis (days), median | 186.0 | 199.0 | 123.0 | 0.0003 |
| Female, % | 91.0 | 88.2 | 90.3 | 0.2584 |
| Education level, years, % | ||||
| 0–7 years (n=447) | 32.7 | 27.3 | 41.1 | |
| 8–12 years (n=647) | 40.8 | 51.9 | 37.8 | <0.0001 |
| >12 years (n=332) | 26.5 | 20.9 | 21.1 | |
| Lacking medical insurance, % | 16.8 | 18.2 | 15.2 | 0.5881 |
| Socioeconomic status, % | ||||
| Low (n=867) | 52.0 | 64.2 | 78.9 | |
| Middle (n=408) | 33.3 | 28.7 | 13.5 | <0.0001 |
| High (n=145) | 14.7 | 7.1 | 7.6 | |
| Hypertension, % | 32.0 | 41.4 | 44.9 | 0.0003 |
| Myalgia/myositis, % | 23.9 | 24.5 | 17.3 | 0.1154 |
| ACR Criteria, % | ||||
| Malar rash | 66.3 | 65.1 | 60.0 | 0.2863 |
| Discoid lupus | 13.3 | 11.3 | 19.5 | 0.0152 |
| Photosensitivity | 62.0 | 56.3 | 59.5 | 0.1190 |
| Oral ulcers | 43.3 | 47.2 | 40.0 | 0.1553 |
| Arthritis/arthralgias | 92.5 | 91.9 | 91.9 | 0.8951 |
| Pleuritis | 26.4 | 23.5 | 26.0 | 0.4862 |
| Pericarditis | 17.1 | 15.7 | 26.0 | 0.0049 |
| Psychosis/seizures | 12.9 | 16.1 | 10.8 | 0.1038 |
| Hematological disorder | 74.8 | 80.4 | 84.9 | 0.0046 |
| Renal disease | 44.0 | 58.5 | 56.2 | <0.0001 |
| Antinuclear antibodies, % | 99.5 | 96.3 | 98.9 | 0.0002 |
| Anti-dsDNA antibodies, % | 69.5 | 77.1 | 71.0 | 0.0192 |
| aPL § antibodies, % | 58.1 | 58.1 | 46.0 | 0.0547 |
| SLEDAI † at diagnosis, median | 10.0 | 11.0 | 13.0 | 0.0003 |
| SLEDAI † during follow-up, median | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0.3290 |
| SDI ‡ >1 % | 63.5 | 72.4 | 68.1 | 0.0035 |
| Renal damage ‡ during follow-up, % | 19.6 | 29.6 | 28.7 | 0.0001 |
| Medications, % | ||||
| Antimalarials | 82.3 | 80.6 | 85.4 | 0.3083 |
| Methotrexate | 8.5 | 15.5 | 9.7 | 0.0004 |
| Cyclophosphamide pulses | 29.7 | 38.7 | 38.9 | 0.0018 |
| Glucocorticoids (doses)¶ | ||||
| < 7.5 mg | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| 7.5mg-15mg | 13.3 | 12.1 | 6.5 | 0.0415 |
| > 15mg-<60mg | 40.5 | 45.9 | 44.3 | |
| ≥ 60mg | 37.1 | 34.6 | 43.2 | |
| Hemodialysis, % | 3.5 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 0.2890 |
| Death during follow-up, % | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 0.9337 |
*
SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; GLADEL = (Grupo Latino Americano De Estudio de Lupus);
ACR=American College of Rheumatology.
†
SLEDAI=Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.
‡
SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics) Damage Index.
§
Antiphospholipid antibodies.
¶
As prednisone dose equivalent.