Figure 1.

Two-interval forced-choice task. A central fixation cross was shown, followed by the first interval, which contained either an emotional expression (fearful, angry, or happy) or a neutral expression backward masked by a neutral-valence surprise expression, followed by a blank screen, a central fixation cross, and the second interval, which contained a neutral expression or an emotional expression (depending on the content of the first interval) backward masked by the same surprise expression. Shortly after, observers were prompted to indicate which interval contained the emotional expression—emotion detection—and then to classify that expression as fearful, angry, or happy—expression categorization. Note that the faces are not to scale. Photographs taken from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces. Copyright 1998 by Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychology, Stockholm, Sweeden. Reprinted with permission.