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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 14.
Published in final edited form as: Geosciences (Basel). 2012 Sep 14;2(3):157–177. doi: 10.3390/geosciences2030157

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Illustration of the formation of the rachis-dominated modified pennaceous feather of basal birds. (A,B) formation and initial growth of the feather bud; (C) barb ridge formation; (D) barbs fuse to form a rachis; (E) as feather continues to form, apoptosis ceases, vane becomes undifferentiated; (F,G) illustrate the conversion of a three-dimensional structure into the two-dimensional feather.