Table 3. Relative risk, by quintile of IL-18 levels (95% CI), of developing type 2 diabetes.
| Quintile of IL-18 concentrationa | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| Variables | 1 (lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (highest) | p value for trend |
|
| ||||||
| Median (range) | 161.4 (78.4–191.6) | 215.0 (191.6–239.6) | 263.8 (239.7–290.9) | 326.5 (291.1–372.2) | 451.8 (372.4–3267.6) | |
| Cases, n | 108 | 140 | 155 | 239 | 370 | |
|
| ||||||
| Controls, n | 216 | 216 | 217 | 216 | 216 | |
|
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| Models, RR (95% CI) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| 1 crude b | Referent | 1.18 (0.92–1.52) | 1.26 (0.98–1.61) | 1.58 (1.26–1.99) | 1.90 (1.54–2.36) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| 2 multivariate RR c | Referent | 1.20 (0.94–1.55) | 1.24 (0.97–1.59) | 1.54 (1.22–1.93) | 1.75 (1.41–2.18) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| 3 multivariate RR d | Referent | 1.08 (0.84–1.39) | 1.08 (0.84–1.38) | 1.27 (1.00–1.60) | 1.44 (1.15–1.80) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| 4 multivariate RR e | Referent | 1.04 (0.80–1.33) | 1.01 (0.78–1.29) | 1.16 (0.92–1.47) | 1.28 (1.02–1.60) | 0.005 |
| 5 multivariate RR f | Referent | 1.08 (0.84–1.40) | 1.08 (0.84–1.39) | 1.27 (1.00–1.60) | 1.44 (1.15–1.80) | <0.0001 |
Quintiles based on control distribution
Adjusted for matching factors (age, date of blood draw, fasting status and ethnicity)
Additionally adjusted for physical activity (quintiles of MET/week), smoking (never, past, current 1–14 cigarettes/day and current ≥15 cigarettes/day), family history of diabetes (yes/no), hormone replacement therapy (premenopausal, never, past, current and information not available), alcohol consumption (non-drinkers, 0.1–4.9, 5–10 and >10 g/day), glycaemic load (quintiles), ratio of polyunsaturated : saturated fat (quintiles) and intake (quintiles) of cereal fibre, trans fat, magnesium and total energy
Additionally adjusted for BMI (<23, 23–24.9, 25–26.9, 27–29.9, 30–34.9 and ≥35 kg/m2)
Model 3 additionally adjusted for HMW adiponectin
Model 3 additionally adjusted for resistin