Table 4. Percent ± SE* oviposition response of black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens, to concentration curve of identified bacteria isolated from various fly sources and life stages and the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus.
| Concentrations (cfu/ml) | Statistics | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Stage | Bacteria | Gram | 0 | 104 | 106 | 108 | ANOVA | Kruskal-Wallis |
| Percent Oviposition ± SE | |||||||||
| CM | egg | Hafnia sp. | − | 22.0 ± 5.5 | 31.9 ± 5.2 | 25.6 ± 4.7 | 20.4 ± 2.2 | P = 0.361 | P = 0.320 |
| Ignatzschineria sp. 1 | − | 17.4 ± 2.6 | 29.3 ± 2.1 | 29.9 ± 3.2 | 23.5 ± 6.7 | P = 0.180 | P = 0.223 | ||
| Ignatzschineria sp. 2 | − | 42.9 ± 0.9a | 24.0 ± 0.9b | 13.8 ± 1.7c | 19.3 ± 1.9b,c | P = 0.001 | P = 0.02 | ||
| Ignatzschineria sp. 3 | − | 49.5 ± 5.8a | 22.4 ± 5.1b | 12.3 ± 3.0b | 15.7 ± 1.0b | P = 0.0009 | P = 0.044 | ||
| CR | 3rd | Klebsiella sp. | − | 22.6 ± 6.4 | 28.1 ± 3.4 | 25.1 ± 3.3 | 24.2 ± 3.4 | P = 0.841 | P = 0.764 |
| instar | Morganella sp. | − | 21.9 ± 5.4 | 28.7 ± 3.8 | 29.7 ± 4.4 | 19.6 ± 5.4 | P = 0.491 | P = 0.618 | |
| Proteus sp. | − | 25.0 ± 2.8 | 20.8 ± 3.4 | 30.6 ± 2.0 | 23.6 ± 1.0 | P = 0.103 | P = 0.218 | ||
| Providencia sp. | − | 17.2 ± 0.6a | 19.1 ± 3.7a | 35.6 ± 3.7b | 28.1 ± 2.0a,b | P = 0.006 | P = 0.044 | ||
| Staphylococcus sp. | − | 23.6 ± 8.6 | 18.5 ± 7.4 | 22.8 ± 3.0 | 35.1 ± 13.1 | P = 0.607 | P = 0.715 | ||
| HI | egg | Bacillus sp. | + | 48.7 ± 7.9 | 10.3 ± 4.1 | 18.8 ± 3.5 | 22.3 ± 7.6 | P = 0.011 | P = 0.063 |
| Empedobacter sp. | − | 19.3 ± 2.8 | 36.1 ± 6.3 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 20.9 ± 2.9 | P = 0.068 | P = 0.113 | ||
| Enterobacter sp. | − | 19.2 ± 0.7 | 25.0 ± 4.0 | 25.5 ± 1.0 | 30.3 ± 5.4 | P = 0.065 | P = 0.123 | ||
| Kurthia sp. | + | 24.3 ± 4.3 | 25.6 ± 8.0 | 19.3 ± 1.1 | 30.1 ± 3.7 | P = 0.489 | P = 0.392 | ||
| Mixture | 21.2 ± 9.4a | 26.6 ± 8.2a,c | 23.0 ± 6.5b,c | 29.2 ± 7.7a,c | P = 0.0004 | P = 0.02 | |||
| Constituents: | |||||||||
| Cellulomonas sp. | + | 12.0 ± 1.0 | 30.0 ± 19.5 | 16.1 ± 0.5 | 41.9 ± 20.0 | P = 0.495 | P = 0.321 | ||
| Gordonia sp. | + | 17.6 ± 4.6a | 31.3 ± 3.3b | 22.9 ± 1.1a,b | 28.3 ± 1.3a,b | P = 0.0004 | P = 0.02 | ||
| Microbacterium sp. | + | 17.9 ± 4.0 | 35.1 ± 8.3 | 25.0 ± 1.8 | 22.0 ± 3.3 | P = 0.172 | P = 0.340 | ||
| Micrococcus sp. | + | 19.1 ± 5.0 | 29.4 ± 1.8 | 24.8 ± 3.1 | 26.7 ± 2.2 | P = 0.396 | P = 0.418 | ||
| AD | adult | Acinetobacter sp. | − | 36.2 ± 0.7a | 23.2 ± 4.0a | 21.3 ± 1.0a | 19.3 ± 5.4b | P = 0.0009 | P = 0.044 |
*Twelve replicate experiments. AD = Alphitobius diaperinus (Lesser Mealworm); HI = Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly); CM = Cochliomyia macellaria (secondary screwworm); CR = Chrysomya rufifacies (hairy maggot blow fly).
a–cSample groups with the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05) as compared across concentrations.