Table 4.
Factors associated with ≥3 ED visits in the past year.
| Variables | Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CI) |
Adjusted odds ratios1 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||
| Age, yr | 0.98 (0.96 1.00) | 0.97 (0.94 0.99) |
| Female | 1.72 (0.61, 4.86) | 0.93 (0.29, 2.92) |
| Caucasian | 0.63 (0.38, 1.06) | 0.83 (0.44, 1.53) |
| Currently married or living with partner | 0.60 (0.38, 0.96) | 0.93 (0.53, 1.65) |
| Education2 | 0.40 (0.23, 0.70) | 0.72 (0.38, 1.36) |
| Employed | 0.34 (0.20, 0.57) | 0.71 (0.37, 1.36) |
| Principal Insurance type | ||
| Employer based | Referent | Referent |
| Medicare insurance | 1.92 (1.10, 3.34) | 1.63 (0.82, 3.24) |
| Medicaid insurance | 7.89 (3.94, 15.81) | 4.37 (1.79, 10.71) |
| Disease characteristics | ||
| Disease activity (SLAQ) | 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) | 1.06 (1.01, 1.10) |
| Disease duration, yr | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.03 (0.99,1.06) |
| Depressive symptoms3 | 3.41 (2.09, 5.57) | 1.95 (0.93, 4.09) |
| SF-12 | ||
| MCS-12 | 0.96 (0.95, 0.98) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) |
| PCS-12 | 0.97 (0.93, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.03) |
CI: Confidence interval, SLAQ: Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire
1
Odds ratio from logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, employment status, poverty status, insurance status, disease activity, disease duration, depressive symptoms, and health status;
2
College graduate or higher;
3
Scored 16 or higher on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD)