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. 2011 Aug 8;3(3):3169–3188. doi: 10.3390/cancers3033169

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Shaping immune responses using DC targeting antibody-antigen or glycan-antigen conjugates. (A) Targeting of antibody-antigen conjugates to DCs with an additional adjuvant induces upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules, antigen-specific CD8+ and/or CD4+ T-cell responses and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Which response is mediated depends on the DC-subset which expresses the CLR and on the adjuvant that is used. Targeting of antibody-antigen conjugates without an additional maturation stimulus leads to transient proliferation and deletion T-cells and the induction of T-regulatory cells, leading to tolerance; (B) The use of glycan-antigen conjugates can lead to the induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, depends on the CLR targeted. To date, no T-regulatory cell-induction has been observed when targeting DCs with glycan-antigen conjugates without adjuvant, but this cannot be ruled out for all CLR/glycan combinations. Currently it is unsufficiently known which adjuvant can be optimally combined with the modified antigens to induce the desired immune response. This is currently being investigated.