Table 1.
Environmental and neighbourhood socio-demographic characteristics examined. Neighbourhood is defined as the area within 800m along the road network from each respondent’s home.
| Variable group | Variable name | Mean | Min | Max | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Access to green space |
Road distance to nearest green space (metres) | 334.1 | 0.0 | 1682.7 | Bristol Green Space Database; OS Meridian |
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| Road density | Road density (length of roads in neighbourhood (km) divided by neighbourhood area (km2)) | 11.3 | 2.7 | 20.0 | OS Meridian |
| A-road density (length of A-roads in neighbourhood (km) divided by neighbourhood area (km2)) | 0.8 | 0.0 | 5.2 | ||
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| Street connectivity |
Number of junctions per km of road | 5.0 | 0.8 | 7.7 | OS Meridian |
| Road connectivity (ratio of junctions to cul-de-sacs) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.0 | ||
| Effective walkable area (ratio of actual neighbourhood area (km2) to potential neighbourhood (km2)) | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||
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| Land use | Land use diversity (HHI: measure of the number and area of land uses in each neighbourhood) | 2194.6 | 1281.7 | 4794.2 | OS MasterMap; OS Address Layer 2; CEH Land Cover Map of Great Britain |
| Density of buildings (% area of land covered by buildings in each neighbourhood) | 17.1 | 1.5 | 40.5 | ||
| Percentage of residential buildings in neighbourhood | 70.2 | 0.4 | 93.3 | ||
| Percentage of commercial buildings in neighbourhood | 17.2 | 0.0 | 78.1 | ||
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| Demographic measures |
Age structure (% population over 60 years) | 20.0 | 4.5 | 37.1 | 2001 UK Census of Population, ODPM |
| Ethnicity (% non-white population) | 8.3 | 0.7 | 44.5 | ||
| Levels of employment (% population unemployed) | 3.2 | 0.7 | 9.7 | ||
| Home ownership (% population who own their own home) | 65.1 | 19.3 | 96.1 | ||
| Car ownership (% population who own a car) | 46.3 | 32.5 | 57.5 | ||
| Levels of active travel (% population who walk or bike to work) | 18.5 | 3.3 | 55.1 | ||
| Limiting Long-Term Illness (% population with LLTI) | 18.9 | 8.8 | 37.9 | ||
| Neighbourhood deprivation (IMD score for neighbourhood) | 29.0 | 4.8 | 65.9 | ||
OS = Ordnance Survey, CEH = Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, ODPM = Office of the Deputy Prime Minister