Fig. 5.

ACHN cells were pre-incubated at 37°C for 60 minutes in balanced salt solution (filled bars) or in balanced salt solution supplemented with 5 mM NADH (open bars). Toxins, (500 nM epsilon-toxin or 2.5 nM aerolysin) then were added and the cells were incubated at 37°C for 90 minutes. Cellular ATP levels were assessed using ATPLite 1 Step (Perkin Elmer). Results were normalized to the fluorescent signal from untreated cells (100%) and cells treated with 1% Triton (0%). Results represent the mean and standard deviation of triplicate samples. B and C. ACHN cells were pre-incubated at 37°C for 60 minutes in balanced salt solution (filled bars) or in balanced salt solution supplemented with 5 mM carnitine (open bars). Toxins, (500 nM epsilon-toxin or 2.5 nM aerolysin) then were added and the cells were incubated at 37°C for 90 minutes. Cellular ATP levels were assessed using ATPLite 1 Step (Perkin Elmer) (B) and release of LDH was measured using the CytoTox-ONE Homogeneous Membrane Integrity Assay (Promega) (C). Results represent the mean and standard deviation of triplicate samples. These experiments were performed at least three times with similar results.