Table 4. Relationship between HIV Status and Log-transformed Blood Heavy Metal Concentrations among US Adults (n=11,761).
| Blood Cadmium a
|
Blood Lead a
|
Blood Total Mercury a
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate(95% CI) | p-value | Estimate(95% CI) | p-value | Estimate(95% CI) | p-value | |
| HIV Status | ||||||
| HIV | 0.15 (0.01, 0.29) | 0.03 | -0.05 (-0.23, 0.13) | 0.57 | 0.08 (-0.33, 0.49) | 0.69 |
| Non-HIV | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 18-34 Years Old | ||||||
| 35-49 Years Old | 0.22 (0.19, 0.24) | <0.01 | 0.32 (0.28, 0.35) | <0.01 | 0.24 (0.18, 0.29) | <0.01 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 0.31 (0.28, 0.33) | <0.01 | -0.41 (-0.44, -0.39) | <0.01 | -0.12 (-0.16, -0.07) | <0.01 |
| Male | ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Others | 0.14 (0.10, 0.18) | <0.01 | 0.20 (0.16, 0.25) | <0.01 | 0.29 (0.20, 0.38) | <0.01 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.06 (0.02, 0.10) | <0.01 | 0.11 (0.06, 0.16) | <0.01 | 0.24 (0.15, 0.34) | <0.01 |
| Non-Hispanic White | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| >High School | -0.05 (-0.09, -0.01) | 0.02 | -0.12 (-0.15, -0.08) | <0.01 | 0.35 (0.30, 0.41) | <0.01 |
| High School | -0.03 (-0.06, 0.02) | 0.20 | -0.10 (-0.13, -0.06) | <0.01 | 0.07 (0.00, 0.13) | 0.05 |
| < High School | ||||||
| PIR | ||||||
| >2.0 | -0.04 (-0.08, 0.01) | 0.09 | -0.06 (-0.10, -0.02) | <0.01 | 0.26 (0.18, 0.34) | <0.01 |
| 1.0-2.0 | -0.02 (-0.06, 0.02) | 0.32 | -0.02 (-0.07, 0.02) | 0.34 | 0.07 (0.00, 0.14) | 0.05 |
| Missing | -0.01 (-0.08, 0.05) | 0.67 | 0.02 (-0.04, 0.08) | 0.57 | 0.16 (0.03, 0.29) | 0.02 |
| <1.0 | ||||||
| Serum Cotinine b | 0.14 (0.14, 0.15) | <0.01 | 0.04 (0.04, 0.05) | <0.01 | -0.02 (-0.02, -0.01) | <0.01 |
a Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, PIR, and serum cotinine.
b Concentration of Serum Cotinine was log-transformed.