Table 4.
Relationship between clinical data and EMT-related signaling pathways
| Variable | EMT-related signaling pathways | No. of involved signaling pathways | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| TGF-β/Smad (n = 13) | Integrin/ILK (n = 13) | Wnt/β-catenin (n = 17) | 1 (n = 6) | 2 (n=2) | 3 (n = 11) | |
| S-Cr > 1.5 mg/dL | ||||||
| - | 8 (61.5%) | 8 (61.5%) | 12 (70.6%) | 5 (26.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | 7 (36.8%) |
| + | 5 (38.5%) | 5 (38.5%) | 5 (29.4%) | 1 (5.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | 4 (21.1%) |
| p-value† | 0.605 | 0.605 | 1.000 | 0.635 | ||
| Proteinuria | ||||||
| - | 5 (38.5%) | 5 (38.5%) | 7 (41.2%) | 2 (10.5%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (26.3%) |
| + | 8 (61.5%) | 8 (61.5%) | 10 (58.8%) | 4 (21.1%) | 2 (10.5%) | 6 (31.6%) |
| p-value† | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.509 | 0.804 | ||
| Hematuria | ||||||
| - | 8 (61.5%) | 8 (61.5%) | 12 (70.6%) | 5 (26.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | 7 (36.8%) |
| + | 5 (38.5%) | 5 (38.5%) | 5 (29.4%) | 1 (5.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | 4 (21.1%) |
| p-value† | 0.605 | 0.605 | 1.000 | 0.635 | ||
| Pyuria | ||||||
| - | 5 (38.5%) | 5 (38.5%) | 7 (41.2%) | 4 (21.1%) | 2 (10.5%) | 3 (15.8%) |
| + | 8 (61.5%) | 8 (61.5%) | 10 (58.8%) | 2 (10.5%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (42.1%) |
| p-value† | 0.350 | 0.350 | 0.211 | 0.095 | ||
EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; No, number; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; ILK, integrin-linked kinase; S, serum; Cr, creatinine; -, absent; +, present;
†
Calculated by Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables;
Hematuria, defined as ≥ 3 red blood cells per high power field on urinalysis with microscopy; Pyuria, defined as > 5-8 white blood cell per high power field of unspun, mid-stream urine.