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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2013 Jun 10;150(3):1031–1040. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.035

Table 3.

Heritability estimates observed for the five temperaments in the 101 families.

Informative Pairs Covariate P Values
Temperament N Sib P-O Other h2r ± SE P value Age Gender Variance
Hyperthymic 417 231 282 269 0.21 ± 0.10 0.011 ns <0.0001 0.05
Dysthymic 406 230 284 274 0.29 ± 0.11 0.0009 0.012 <0.0001 0.06
Cyclothymic 408 229 292 277 0.46 ± 0.11 <0.0001 <0.0001 ns 0.12
Irritable 406 226 289 257 0.52 ± 0.11 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.013 0.13
Anxious 347 174 238 186 0.36 ± 0.13 0.0007 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.14

Key: Sib = sibling pairs; P-O = parent-offspring pairs; Other = half-sibling, grandparent-grandchild, avuncular, and cousin pairs; h2r=residual heritability after adjustment for significant covariates; SE=standard error; Variance = the proportion of the trait variance explained by all significant covariates. All nonsignificant p values (p>0.05) are indicated by “ns”.